Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry logoLink to Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
. 1988 Jun;51(6):863–865. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.51.6.863

Involuntary orofacial movements in hospitalised patients with mental handicap or epilepsy: relationship to developmental/intellectual deficit and presence or absence of long-term exposure to neuroleptics.

H A Youssef 1, J L Waddington 1
PMCID: PMC1033162  PMID: 2900294

Abstract

Among 42 adult patients with mental handicap who had received treatment with neuroleptic drugs, the prevalence of orofacial dyskinesia increased with age and those with such involuntary movements were characterised by a considerably greater degree of mental handicap. Similar associations were found among a group of 15 patients with epilepsy. Two of seven other mentally handicapped patients and one of eight other epileptic patients showed indistinguishable orofacial dyskinesia, despite no record of them having received neuroleptic drugs.

Full text

PDF
863

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Cowie V. Injury and insult--considerations of the neuropathological aetiology of mental subnormality. Br J Psychiatry. 1980 Oct;137:305–312. doi: 10.1192/bjp.137.4.305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Davis J. M. Comparative doses and costs of antipsychotic medication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976 Jul;33(7):858–861. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770070088010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Gualtieri C. T., Schroeder S. R., Hicks R. E., Quade D. Tardive dyskinesia in young mentally retarded individuals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Apr;43(4):335–340. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800040045007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Kane J. M., Smith J. M. Tardive dyskinesia: prevalence and risk factors, 1959 to 1979. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 Apr;39(4):473–481. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040069010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Richardson M. A., Haugland G., Pass R., Craig T. J. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in a mentally retarded population. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1986;22(1):243–249. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Sylvester P. E. Ammon's horn or hippocampal sclerosis without epilepsy in mental handicap. Br J Psychiatry. 1984 May;144:538–541. doi: 10.1192/bjp.144.5.538. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Waddington J. L., Youssef H. A. An unusual cluster of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: association with cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms. Am J Psychiatry. 1986 Sep;143(9):1162–1165. doi: 10.1176/ajp.143.9.1162. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Waddington J. L., Youssef H. A., Dolphin C., Kinsella A. Cognitive dysfunction, negative symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Their association in relation to topography of involuntary movements and criterion of their abnormality. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 Oct;44(10):907–912. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800220077011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Waddington J. L., Youssef H. A. Late onset involuntary movements in chronic schizophrenia: age-related vulnerability to 'tardive' dyskinesia independent of extent of neuroleptic medication. Ir Med J. 1985 May;78(5):143–146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Waddington J. L., Youssef H. A. Late onset involuntary movements in chronic schizophrenia: relationship of 'tardive' dyskinesia to intellectual impairment and negative symptoms. Br J Psychiatry. 1986 Nov;149:616–620. doi: 10.1192/bjp.149.5.616. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Waddington J. L., Youssef H. A. Tardive dyskinesia in bipolar affective disorder: aging, cognitive dysfunction, course of illness, and exposure to neuroleptics and lithium. Am J Psychiatry. 1988 May;145(5):613–616. doi: 10.1176/ajp.145.5.613. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Youssef H. A., Waddington J. L. Primitive (developmental) reflexes and diffuse cerebral dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: overrepresentation in patients with tardive dyskinesia. Biol Psychiatry. 1988 Apr 15;23(8):791–796. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90067-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES