Skip to main content
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry logoLink to Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
. 1989 Jun;52(Suppl):68–77. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.52.suppl.68

PET and movement disorders.

D J Brooks 1, R S Frackowiak 1
PMCID: PMC1033310  PMID: 2666580

Abstract

In this paper the use of PET for determining the patterns of disruption of both regional cerebral metabolism, and the pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic systems, associated with movement disorders is reviewed. That the various akinetic-rigid syndromes result in distinctive PET findings is shown, making functional imaging valuable in their differential diagnosis. PET may also be useful for detecting the presence of sub-clinical disease in Huntington's disease and other inherited movement disorders.

Full text

PDF
68

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alexander G. E., DeLong M. R., Strick P. L. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1986;9:357–381. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baron J. C., Mazière B., Loc'h C., Cambon H., Sgouropoulos P., Bonnet A. M., Agid Y. Loss of striatal [76Br]bromospiperone binding sites demonstrated by positron tomography in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1986 Apr;6(2):131–136. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.1986.26. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Calne D. B., Langston J. W., Martin W. R., Stoessl A. J., Ruth T. J., Adam M. J., Pate B. D., Schulzer M. Positron emission tomography after MPTP: observations relating to the cause of Parkinson's disease. Nature. 1985 Sep 19;317(6034):246–248. doi: 10.1038/317246a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chase T. N., Tamminga C. A., Burrows H. Positron emission tomographic studies of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in idiopathic dystonia. Adv Neurol. 1988;50:237–241. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chiueh C. C., Firnau G., Burns R. S., Nahmias C., Chirakal R., Kopin I. J., Garnett E. S. Determination and visualization of damage to striatal dopaminergic terminals in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism by [18F]-labeled 6-fluoro-L-dopa and positron emission tomography. Adv Neurol. 1987;45:167–169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cowan J. M., Rothwell J. C., Wise R. J., Marsden C. D. Electrophysiological and positron emission studies in a patient with cortical myoclonus, epilepsia partialis continua and motor epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Jul;49(7):796–807. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.49.7.796. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. D'Antona R., Baron J. C., Samson Y., Serdaru M., Viader F., Agid Y., Cambier J. Subcortical dementia. Frontal cortex hypometabolism detected by positron tomography in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain. 1985 Sep;108(Pt 3):785–799. doi: 10.1093/brain/108.3.785. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Firnau G., Sood S., Chirakal R., Nahmias C., Garnett E. S. Cerebral metabolism of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in the primate. J Neurochem. 1987 Apr;48(4):1077–1082. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05629.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Foster N. L., Gilman S., Berent S., Morin E. M., Brown M. B., Koeppe R. A. Cerebral hypometabolism in progressive supranuclear palsy studied with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol. 1988 Sep;24(3):399–406. doi: 10.1002/ana.410240308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Garnett E. S., Nahmias C., Firnau G. Central dopaminergic pathways in hemiparkinsonism examined by positron emission tomography. Can J Neurol Sci. 1984 Feb;11(1 Suppl):174–179. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100046369. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gilman S., Junck L., Young A. B., Hichwa R. D., Markel D. S., Koeppe R. A., Ehrenkaufer R. L. Cerebral metabolic activity in idiopathic dystonia studied with positron emission tomography. Adv Neurol. 1988;50:231–236. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Guttman M., Lang A. E., Garnett E. S., Nahmias C., Firnau G., Tyndel F. J., Gordon A. S. Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in SLE chorea: further evidence that striatal hypometabolism is not a correlate of chorea. Mov Disord. 1987;2(3):201–210. doi: 10.1002/mds.870020307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hartvig P., Larsson B. S., Lindberg B. S., Oreland L., Gullberg P., Långström B., Rimland A., Lundqvist H., Malmborg P., Lindquist N. G. Influence of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and a dopamine uptake blocker on the distribution of 11C-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 11C-MPTP, in the head of the rhesus monkey. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986 Jul;74(1):10–16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb04618.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hawkins R. A., Mazziotta J. C., Phelps M. E. Wilson's disease studied with FDG and positron emission tomography. Neurology. 1987 Nov;37(11):1707–1711. doi: 10.1212/wnl.37.11.1707. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hayden M. R., Martin W. R., Stoessl A. J., Clark C., Hollenberg S., Adam M. J., Ammann W., Harrop R., Rogers J., Ruth T. Positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of Huntington's disease. Neurology. 1986 Jul;36(7):888–894. doi: 10.1212/wnl.36.7.888. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hägglund J., Aquilonius S. M., Eckernäs S. A., Hartvig P., Lundquist H., Gullberg P., Långström B. Dopamine receptor properties in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea evaluated by positron emission tomography using 11C-N-methyl-spiperone. Acta Neurol Scand. 1987 Feb;75(2):87–94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07900.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kuhl D. E., Phelps M. E., Markham C. H., Metter E. J., Riege W. H., Winter J. Cerebral metabolism and atrophy in Huntington's disease determined by 18FDG and computed tomographic scan. Ann Neurol. 1982 Nov;12(5):425–434. doi: 10.1002/ana.410120504. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Leenders K. L., Aquilonius S. M., Bergström K., Bjurling P., Crossman A. R., Eckernas S. A., Gee A. G., Hartvig P., Lundqvist H., Långström B. Unilateral MPTP lesion in a rhesus monkey: effects on the striatal dopaminergic system measured in vivo with PET using various novel tracers. Brain Res. 1988 Mar 29;445(1):61–67. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91074-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Leenders K. L., Frackowiak R. S., Lees A. J. Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. Brain energy metabolism, blood flow and fluorodopa uptake measured by positron emission tomography. Brain. 1988 Jun;111(Pt 3):615–630. doi: 10.1093/brain/111.3.615. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Leenders K. L., Frackowiak R. S., Quinn N., Marsden C. D. Brain energy metabolism and dopaminergic function in Huntington's disease measured in vivo using positron emission tomography. Mov Disord. 1986;1(1):69–77. doi: 10.1002/mds.870010110. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Leenders K. L., Herold S., Brooks D. J., Palmer A. J., Turton D., Firnau G., Garnett E. S., Nahmias C., Veall N. Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic dopaminergic system in human brain. Lancet. 1984 Jul 14;2(8394):110–111. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90286-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Leenders K. L., Palmer A. J., Quinn N., Clark J. C., Firnau G., Garnett E. S., Nahmias C., Jones T., Marsden C. D. Brain dopamine metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease measured with positron emission tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Aug;49(8):853–860. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.49.8.853. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Leenders K. L., Wolfson L., Gibbs J. M., Wise R. J., Causon R., Jones T., Legg N. J. The effects of L-DOPA on regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain. 1985 Mar;108(Pt 1):171–191. doi: 10.1093/brain/108.1.171. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mazziotta J. C., Phelps M. E., Pahl J. J., Huang S. C., Baxter L. R., Riege W. H., Hoffman J. M., Kuhl D. E., Lanto A. B., Wapenski J. A. Reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in asymptomatic subjects at risk for Huntington's disease. N Engl J Med. 1987 Feb 12;316(7):357–362. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198702123160701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nahmias C., Garnett E. S., Firnau G., Lang A. Striatal dopamine distribution in parkinsonian patients during life. J Neurol Sci. 1985 Jul;69(3):223–230. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(85)90135-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Perlmutter J. S., Kilbourn M. R., Raichle M. E., Welch M. J. MPTP-induced up-regulation of in vivo dopaminergic radioligand-receptor binding in humans. Neurology. 1987 Oct;37(10):1575–1579. doi: 10.1212/wnl.37.10.1575. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Perlmutter J. S., Raichle M. E. Pure hemidystonia with basal ganglion abnormalities on positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol. 1984 Mar;15(3):228–233. doi: 10.1002/ana.410150303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Perlmutter J. S., Raichle M. E. Regional blood flow in hemiparkinsonism. Neurology. 1985 Aug;35(8):1127–1134. doi: 10.1212/wnl.35.8.1127. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Perlmutter J. S., Raichle M. E. Regional cerebral blood flow in dystonia: an exploratory study. Adv Neurol. 1988;50:255–264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Rosenthal G., Gilman S., Koeppe R. A., Kluin K. J., Markel D. S., Junck L., Gebarski S. S. Motor dysfunction in olivopontocerebellar atrophy is related to cerebral metabolic rate studied with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol. 1988 Sep;24(3):414–419. doi: 10.1002/ana.410240310. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Rutgers A. W., Lakke J. P., Paans A. M., Vaalburg W., Korf J. Tracing of dopamine receptors in hemiparkinsonism with positron emission tomography (PET). J Neurol Sci. 1987 Sep;80(2-3):237–248. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(87)90158-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Stoessl A. J., Martin W. R., Clark C., Adam M. J., Ammann W., Beckman J. H., Bergstrom M., Harrop R., Rogers J. G., Ruth T. J. PET studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in idiopathic torticollis. Neurology. 1986 May;36(5):653–657. doi: 10.1212/wnl.36.5.653. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Studies in persons at risk for Huntington's disease. N Engl J Med. 1987 Aug 6;317(6):382–384. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198708063170612. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Suchowersky O., Hayden M. R., Martin W. R., Stoessl A. J., Hildebrand A. M., Pate B. D. Cerebral metabolism of glucose in benign hereditary chorea. Mov Disord. 1986;1(1):33–44. doi: 10.1002/mds.870010105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Tedroff J., Aquilonius S. M., Hartvig P., Lundqvist H., Gee A. G., Uhlin J., Långström B. Monoamine re-uptake sites in the human brain evaluated in vivo by means of 11C-nomifensine and positron emission tomography: the effects of age and Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 1988 Mar;77(3):192–201. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1988.tb05894.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tuomisto J. Nomifensine and its derivatives as possible tools for studying amine uptake. Eur J Pharmacol. 1977 Mar 21;42(2):101–106. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(77)90348-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Williams F. J., Walshe J. M. Wilson's disease. An analysis of the cranial computerized tomographic appearances found in 60 patients and the changes in response to treatment with chelating agents. Brain. 1981 Dec;104(Pt 4):735–752. doi: 10.1093/brain/104.4.735. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Wolfson L. I., Leenders K. L., Brown L. L., Jones T. Alterations of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1985 Oct;35(10):1399–1405. doi: 10.1212/wnl.35.10.1399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Wooten G. F., Collins R. C. Metabolic effects of unilateral lesion of the substantia nigra. J Neurosci. 1981 Mar;1(3):285–291. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.01-03-00285.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Young A. B., Penney J. B., Starosta-Rubinstein S., Markel D. S., Berent S., Giordani B., Ehrenkaufer R., Jewett D., Hichwa R. PET scan investigations of Huntington's disease: cerebral metabolic correlates of neurological features and functional decline. Ann Neurol. 1986 Sep;20(3):296–303. doi: 10.1002/ana.410200305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Young A. B., Penney J. B., Starosta-Rubinstein S., Markel D., Berent S., Rothley J., Betley A., Hichwa R. Normal caudate glucose metabolism in persons at risk for Huntington's disease. Arch Neurol. 1987 Mar;44(3):254–257. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1987.00520150010010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES