Correction to: BMC Neuroscience (2023) 24:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-023-00783-7
Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified errors in Table 1 and 2. The correct Tables are given hereafter.
Table 1.
Biographical data for all participants (N = 141; 75 PHIV, 66 HIV-)
| CPHIV | HIV- | t/χ2 | p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: 5 years (N = 82) | |||||||||
| Sample size (N) | 52 | 30 | |||||||
| Age at scan (years) | 5.39 ± 0.31 | 5.60 ± 0.43 | − 2.64 | 0.01 | |||||
| Number of males (% males) | 21 (40%) | 16 (53%) | 1.37 | 0.24 | |||||
| Birth weight (g) | 3125 ± 386 | 2973 ± 603 | 1.47 | 0.14 | |||||
| Estimated total intracranial volume (ETIV) (cm3) | 1375 ± 96 | 1363 ± 110 | 0.53 | 0.60 | |||||
| Neuropsychological measures GMDSa | All CPHIV |
IntART (n = 24) |
ConART (n = 28) |
All HIV- |
CHEU (n = 17) |
CHU (n = 13) |
|||
| Performance (EQ) | 74 ± 10 | 73 ± 11 | 76 ± 10 | 76 ± 18 | 73 ± 20 | 79 ± 17 | − 0.55 | 0.58 | |
| Practical reasoning (FQ) | 77 ± 8 | 76 ± 10 | 77 ± 7 | 76 ± 11 | 73 ± 12 | 79 ± 7 | 0.60 | 0.55 | |
| Sub-scales aggregate (GQ) | 83 ± 6 | 83 ± 7 | 83 ± 6 | 83 ± 8 | 82 ± 10 | 84 ± 6 | 0.23 | 0.82 | |
| Age: 7 years (N = 125) | |||||||||
| Sample size (N) | 71 | 54 | |||||||
| Age at scan (years) | 7.20 ± 0.13 | 7.24 ± 0.13 | − 1.40 | 0.16 | |||||
| Number of males (% males) | 36 (51%) | 30 (56%) | 0.13 | 0.72 | |||||
| Birth weight (g) | 3081 ± 454 | 3081 ± 481 | − 0.01 | 0.99 | |||||
| Estimated total intracranial volume (ETIV) (cm3) | 1419 ± 101 | 1444 ± 137 | − 1.17 | 0.24 | |||||
| Neuropsychological measures KABCb COMPOSITE SCORES | All CPHIV |
IntART (n = 32) |
ConART (n = 39) |
All HIV- |
CHEU (n = 23) |
CHU (n = 31) |
|||
| Mental processing index | 72 ± 8 | 72 ± 8 | 73 ± 8 | 75 ± 10 | 74 ± 10 | 76 ± 11 | − 1.90 | 0.06 | |
| Non-verbal index | 74 ± 11 | 73 ± 11 | 75 ± 11 | 76 ± 12 | 73 ± 12 | 78 ± 11 | − 0.96 | 0.34 | |
| Age: 9 years (N = 41) | |||||||||
| Sample size (N) | 12 | 29 | |||||||
| Age at scan (years) | 9.13 ± 0.27 | 9.03 ± 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.57 | |||||
| Number of males (% males) | 7 (58%) | 16 (55%) | < 0.001 | 1.00 | |||||
| Birth weight (g) | 3126 ± 479 | 3171 ± 466 | − 0.28 | 0.78 | |||||
| Estimated total intracranial volume (ETIV) (cm3) | 1422 ± 683 | 1437 ± 135 | − 0.38 | 0.71 | |||||
| Neuropsychological measures KABCb COMPOSITE SCORES | All CPHIV |
IntART (n = 8) |
ConART (n = 4) |
All HIV- |
CHEU (n = 17) |
CHU (n = 12) |
|||
| Mental processing index | 73 ± 10 | 73 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 79 ± 12 | 77 ± 12 | 81 ± 12 | − 1.49 | 0.14 | |
| Non-verbal index | 78 ± 10 | 78 ± 8 | 77 ± 15 | 80 ± 14 | 80 ± 14 | 80 ± 13 | − 0.46 | 0.65 | |
All values are mean ± standard deviation except where indicated otherwise; Bold indicates significance at p < 0.05
CPHIV children with perinatal HIV; HIV- children without HIV, IntART children with PHIV in whom ART was interrupted; ConART children with PHIV who received continuous ART; CHEU uninfected children who were exposed to HIV; CHU uninfected children unexposed to HIV
aGriffiths’ Mental Development Scales—extended revised: 2–8 years
bKaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition
Table 2.
Clinical data for all children with PHIV (N = 75)
| Interrupted ART | Continuous ART | |
|---|---|---|
| Sample size (N) | 39 | 36 |
| Clinical data at baseline (age 6–8 weeks) | ||
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 1827 ± 955 | 1739 ± 833 |
| CD4% | 33 ± 10 | 33 ± 10 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | 1.4 ± 0.9 [0.2–4.4]a | 1.2 ± 0.7 [0.2–3.4]a |
| CD8 count (cells/mm3) | 1660 ± 1218 | 1686 ± 871 |
| Viral load at enrolment | ||
| High (>750,000 copies/mL): n (%) | 21 (53.8%) | 23 (63.9%) |
| Low (400–750,000 copies/mL): n (%) | 18 (46.2%) | 13 (36.1%) |
| Suppressed (< 400 copies/mL): n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Other clinical / treatment measures | ||
| Age at ART initiation (weeks) | 8.3 [7.4, 9.7] [6.6–12.0]a | 18.9 [7.7, 27.2] [6.0–75.7]a |
| Age at ART interruption (weeks) | 51.7 [47.3, 72.6] | - |
| Age of first viral load suppression (weeks) | 33.9 [31.5, 49.8] [30.6–213.3]a | 47.6 [33.5, 79.2] [29.1–285.6]a |
| Duration of ART interruption (weeks) | 34.4 [20.4, 52.3] [5.7–299.4]a | 0.00 (not interrupted) |
| Nadir CD4% | 19 ± 6 | 20 ± 6 |
| Age at nadir CD4% (weeks) | 91.0 [55.9, 125.7] | 27.9 [18.8, 51.0] |
| CDC classification | ||
| A: n (%) | 8 (20%) | 1 (3%) |
| B: n (%) | 9 (23%) | 7 (19%) |
| Severe B: n (%) | 2 (5%) | 7 (19%) |
| C: n (%) | 20 (51%) | 19 (53%) |
| Unknown: n (%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (6%) |
| HIV encephalopathy diagnosis: n (%) | 7 (18%) | 5 (14%) |
Values are mean ± standard deviation or median [IQR]
arange
The original article [1] has been updated.
Footnotes
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Contributor Information
Emmanuel C. Nwosu, Email: emmanuel.c.nwosu@gmail.com
Ernesta M. Meintjes, Email: ernesta.meintjes@uct.ac.za
Reference
- 1.Nwosu EC, Holmes MJ, Cotton MF, Dobbels E, Little F, Laughton B, van der Kouwe A, Robertson F, Meintjes EM. Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls. BMC Neurosci. 2023;24:15. doi: 10.1186/s12868-023-00783-7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]