Table 1.

A summary of mangiferin in liver disease. (“↓” and “↑” indicate significantly decrease and increase, respectively (p < 0.05)).

Compounds	Model	Cell Lines/Animals	Mechanism	Reference
Mangiferin	LPS and D-GalN-induced acute liver injury	BALB/c, Primary hepatocytes	Nrf2↑ NLRP3↓ ASC↓ Caspase-1↓ IL-1β↓ HO-1↑ TNF-α↓ MCP-1↓ ROS↓	[45]
Mangiferin	Against arsenic (As)-induced oxidative damages in the murine liver	Wistar rats, HepG2 cells	ROS↓ Caspase↓ AKT, Nrf2↑ PI3K↓ ERK1/2↓	[68]
Mangiferin	Mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced liver injury	Wistar rats	β-catenin↑ PPAR-γ↑ GSK-3β↓ NF-κB-p65↓ IL-6↓ Bcl-2↑ IL-1β↓ Caspase-3↓	[70]
Mangiferin	LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury mouse model	BALB/c	HO-1↑ TNF-α↓ TLR4/NF-κB↓	[78]
Mangiferin	CCl4-injured liver model, BDL	C57BL/6J, knockdown of Nrf2 C57BL/6J, Primary hepatocytes	Nrf2↑ HO-1↑ NQO1↑ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ ROS↓ mtDNA↓ NF-κB↓ TLR9/MyD88↓	[82]
Mangiferin	LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury mouse model	BALB/c, Primary hepatocytes	miR-20a↓ miR-101a↓ Nrf2↑	[80]
Mangiferin	High-fat diet (HFD) (NAFLD)	C57BL/6J, HepG2 cells	AMPK↑ NLRP3↓ Caspase-1↓ IL-1β↓	[54]
Mangiferin	HFD (NAFLD)	Kunming mice	NF-κB↓ p-JNK↓ AMPK/mTOR↑ IRS/PI3K/AKT↑	[99]
Mangiferin	HFD (hyperlipidemia)	C57BL6/J	Dhtkd1↑ Cox6b1↑ Scd1↓ Acac1↓	[67]
Mangiferin	STZ-nicotinamide-NA-induced diabetic rats (Type 2 diabetes)	Albino Wistar rats	HbA1c↓ PPAR-γ↑ FALDH↑	[88]
Mangiferin-berberine (MB) salt	OA induced HepG2 cells	HepG2 cells	p-AMPK𝛼 (Thr172)/p-ACC (Ser79) ↑ CPT1↑	[95]
Isolated from the leaves of Salacia oblonga	STZ-induced diabetes rat	Albino rats	PPAR-γ/GLUT4↑	[89]
Mangiferin	HFD-Fr-STZ (type 2 diabetes)	Wistar rats	TNF-α↓ PPAR-α↑ SREBP-1↓ AMPK↑ MTP↓ GSK3β↑	[90]
Mangiferin	T2DM model rats, IR model of HepG2 cells	SD rats, HepG2 cells	PPAR-γ↑ GLUT4↑ AMPK↑ TNF-α↓ NF-κB↓ NLRP3↓ COX2↓ MAPK IL-6↓ IL-1β↓ NO↓ PI3K/AKT↑	[91]
Mangiferin	HFD, oleic acid (lipid metabolism)	Wistar rats, HepG2 cells	DGAT↓ CPT1↑ CD36↑ ACC↓ AMPK↑	[92]
Mangiferin	HFD (obesity and glucose metabolism)	C57BL/6	F4/80↓ TNF-α↓ FGF21↑ ATG7↑ JNK↑ IL-6	[93]
Mangiferin	HFD (hyperlipidemia)	hamsters	CPT1↑ PPAR-α↑ CD36↑ ACC↓ SREBP-1↓ MTP↓ DGAT2↓	[94]
X-3, a derivative of mangiferin,	db/db (C57BL/KsJ), db/ (+) (C57BL/KsJ) mice,	C57BL/6J, Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, LKB1-deficient Hela cells, and HEK293 cells	AMPK↑ AKT↑ ACC↑	[97]
Mangiferin	HFD (liver inflammation caused by fat-rich diets)	Wistar rats	PPAR-α↑ HSP27↑ p65↓ IκB↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ iNOS↓ IL-10↓	[98]
Mangiferin	Gavaged with a single dose of ethanol	C57BL/6	PDE3B↑ NF-κB↓ AMPK/TBK1↑ CD36↓ FATP2↓ FATP5↓ ATGL↓ SREBP-1↓ p65↓ p100↓ ULK1↑	[8]
Mangiferin	Alcohol hepatitis (AH) rats	Sprague–Dawley rats	PPAR-γ↑ OPA-1↑ Cav-1↑ EB1↓ NF-κB↓ p65↓ NLRP3↓ Cas-1↓ IL-1β↓ HSP90↓ HMGB1↓ SYK↓ CCL20↓ C-CAS-3↓ C-PARP↓ STARD1↓	[55]
Mangiferin	CCl4-injured liver model	C57BL/6J	IL-6 IL-1β↓ α-SMA↓ TGF-β↓ MMP-2↓ ABCB4↓ ABCB11↓ SULT2A1↓ p-IκB↓ p-p65↓ NF-κB↓	[9]
Mangiferin	CCl4-injured liver model	rats	HSP27↓ JAK/STAT↓ Smad/TGF-β↓	[33]
Mangiferin	D-GAL induced hepatic pathophysiology	Swiss albino male rats	TNF-α↓ IFN-γ↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ IL-12↓ IL-18↓ IL-10↓ iNOS↓ NF-κB↓	[44]
Mangiferin	Orthotopic HCC implantation murine model,	MHCC97L Cells, BALB/c-nu/nu,	WTI↓ LEF1↓ MYC↓ Axcin2↓ MMP2↓ CCND1↓	[10]
Mangiferin	DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma	Sprague Dawley rats	ROS↓ Bcl-2↓ Bax↑ Caspase-3↑ 8-OHdG↓ NF-κB	[115]
Mangiferin	APAP-induced hepatotoxicity	C57BL/6	TNF-α↓ IL-6↓ MCP-1↓ CXCL-1↓ CXCL-2↓ IL-1β↓ NF-κB↓ AMPK↑	[21]
Mangiferin	Galactosamine-induced hepatic toxicity	SHRs/NCrlVr	DGAT↓ CPT1↑ PPAR-α↑ CD36↑ MTTP↓	[116]