Table 1.
Bioactive compounds isolated from different pea raw materials and derived products, together with their identification methodology.
| Family | Compounds | Plant Part | Methods | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonols | Isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside, isorhamnetin glycoside, quercetin, quercetin 3-galattoside, rutin, quercetin triglucoside, quercetin diglucoside, kaempferol triglucoside, quercetin caffeoyl triglucoside, quercetin coumaroyl triglucoside, quercetin sinapoyl triglucoside, quercetin feruloyl triglucoside, isorhamnetin glycoside, kaempferol glucoside, kaempferol coumaroyl, kaempferol, dihydromyricetin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside-4′-glucoside, dihydroquercetin, myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol hexoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol dihexoside, isorhamnetin, dihydrokaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-glucopyranoside, fisetin, kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside, kaempferol 3-O-sophorotrioside, kaempferol 3-O-(6″″-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-sophorotrioside, galangin, morin, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-sophorotrioside, quercetin 3-O-(6″″-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-sophorotrioside, quercetin 3-O-(6″″-O-trans-caffeoyl)-sophorotrioside, quercetin 3-O-(6″″-O-trans-feruloyl)-sophorotrioside, quercetin 3-O-(6″″-O-trans-sinapoyl)-sophorotrioside, quercetin 3-O-(6″″-O-(4-hydroxy)-trans-cinnamoyl)-sophorotrioside, Pisumflflavonoside II [quercetin 3-O-(6″″-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-sophorotrio-side 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside], Pisumflflavonoside II [quercetin 3-O-(6″″-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-sophorotrio- side 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] | Seed, seed coat, pod, sprout, leaf | LC-MS, LC-ESI-MS, LC-ESI-MS/MS, UHPLC-MS, UHPLC-LTQ-MS, UHPLC-Q-HRMS | [21,71,72,73,74,75,77,78,79,80] |
| Flavones | Phloretin, apigenin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, eriodictyol glycoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, luteolin 8′-O-glucoside, vitexin, luteolin 3′,7-di-O-glucoside, apigenin-6.8-di-C-glucoside, luteolin-8′-C-glucoside, tricin | Seed, seed coat, pod | LC-MS, LC-ESI-MS, LC-ESI-MS/MS, UHPLC-MS | [21,71,72,74,75,76,78] |
| Flavanols | Catechin, (epi) catechin, gallocatechin, (epi) gallocatechin, fisetin, catechin gallate | Seed, seed coat, pod, sprout | LC-MS, LC-ESI-MS/MS, UHPLC-MS, UHPLC-LTQ-MS, UHPLC-Q-HRMS | [21,71,73,75,76,77,78,79] |
| Flavanones | Eriodictyol, naringenin, naringin, hesperidin, melitidin, pinocembrin, liquiritigenin, hesperetin | Seed, seed coat, pod, sprout | LC-MS, LC-ESI-MS, UHPLC-MS, UHPLC-Q-HRMS, UHPLC-LTQ-MS | [21,72,74,75,76,77,79] |
| Isoflavones | Genistein, daidzein, cirsiliol, prunetin, afrormosina, formononetin, isoformononetin, pseudobaptigenina, sayanedin, | Seed, seed coat, pod, sprout | LC-ESI-MS, UHPLC-MS, UHPLC-LTQ-MS | [21,71,74,75,79] |
| Anthocyanins | Cyanidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucoside, cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, delphinidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucoside, delphinidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-(2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranoside)-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, delphinidin 3-O-(2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranoside)-5-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, pelargonadin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside, malvidine-3-O-glucoside, | Seed, seed coat, pod | LC-MS, UHPLC-MS | [21,75,76] |
| Phenolic acids | gallic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-o-caffeoylquinic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, dicaffeoyl quinic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin acid, ferulic acid, coumaroyl quinic acid, 5-feruloylquinic acid, vanillic acid-4-β-D-glucoside, cinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, gentisic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, rosmarinic acid, salicylic acid, sinapic acid, tannic acid, veratric acid | Seed, seed coat, pod, sprout | LC-MS, LC-ESI-MS/MS, LC-ESI-MS, UHPLC-MS, UHPLC-LTQ-MS | [21,70,73,74,75,76,78,80] |
ESI, electrospray ionization; HRMS, high-resolution mass spectrometry; LC, liquid chromatography; LTQ, linear ion-trap quadrupole; MS, mass spectrometry; MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry; Q, quadrupole; UHPLC, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography.