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. 2023 Jul 3;14:1236746. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236746

Corrigendum: What kind of intervention is effective for improving subjective well-being among workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Asuka Sakuraya 1,*, Kotaro Imamura 2, Kazuhiro Watanabe 2, Yumi Asai 2, Emiko Ando 3, Hisashi Eguchi 4, Norimitsu Nishida 5, Yuka Kobayashi 2, Hideaki Arima 2, Mai Iwanaga 6, Yasumasa Otsuka 7, Natsu Sasaki 2, Akiomi Inoue 4, Reiko Inoue 4, Kanami Tsuno 8, Ayako Hino 9, Akihito Shimazu 10, Akizumi Tsutsumi 4, Norito Kawakami 2
PMCID: PMC10353613  PMID: 37469895

In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 3 as published. The affiliation was listed as “Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan” but should be “Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.” Affiliation 3 has now been updated.

In the published article, there was an error. In the results section, “one meditation awareness training (acceptance commitment therapy: ACT)” was written in error. The correct term is “one meditation awareness training (MAT) intervention.”

A correction has been made to Results, Mindfulness. The corrected section is shown below.

Six mindfulness intervention studies were included. Among these, three were mindfulness-related group sessions (Aikens et al., 2014; Van Berkel et al., 2014; Crain et al., 2017), one was self-training (Hülsheger et al., 2013), and the other was a web-based program (Allexandre et al., 2016). In addition, one meditation awareness training (MAT) intervention was also reported (Shonin et al., 2014). These mindfulness programs were effective for improving evaluative well-being (e.g., job satisfaction and life satisfaction) (Hülsheger et al., 2013; Shonin et al., 2014; Crain et al., 2017), hedonic well-being (e.g., vigor/vitality) (Aikens et al., 2014; Allexandre et al., 2016), and the mental component of QOL (Allexandre et al., 2016).

There was also an error in Table 1 as published. The “period” and “number and hours of session” of the intervention in column “Core intervention component” for Bolier et al. (2014) were displayed as “6 weeks−12months” and “4–8 weekly sessions”, respectively. The correct terms are “4 weeks−5months” and “a few sessions or modules,” respectively. The corrected Table 1 and its caption appear below.

Table 1.

The characteristics of the studies included in the systematic reviews (N = 39).

Author/Year Country Population Gender Number (%) of men Age Mean (SD) Core intervention component SWB outcomes (scale if applicable) Result on SWB outcomes
Physical activity
Puig-Ribera et al., 2008 Spain Employees of university All: 21 (30.0%) Not listed Walking program Period: 9 weeks Number and hours of session: not listed Instrument: pedometer and a map with some examples of walks Provider: not listed Mental health (SF-12): Mental component of QOL Vitality (SF-12): Hedonic Mental health: 0 Vitality: 0
Mansi et al., 2015 New Zealand Employees of large meat processing plant Int: 40 (12.2%) Cont: 14 (48.4%) Int: 43 (14.9) Cont: 40 (12.2) Walking program Period: 12 weeks Number and hours of session: not listed Instrument: physical activity booklet Provider: psychotherapist Mental health (SF-36): Mental component of QOL Mental health: 0
Sjogren et al., 2006 Finland Employees of the city of Kuopio central administration All: 24 (26.7%) All: 45.7 (8.6) Light resistance training, guidance on postural and movement control Period: 15 weeks Number and hours of session: not listed Instrument: resistance equipment Provider: psychotherapist Life satisfaction (the scale from Ojanen, 1994 and 2000): Evaluative Meaning of life (the scale from Ojanen, 1994 and 2000): Eudemonic Life satisfaction: 0 Meaning of life: 0
Brand et al., 2006 Germany Employees (office and blue color workers) Int: 36 (69.2%) Cont: 47 (90.4%) Percent per age groups; age 20–35, 10.9%; age 36–45, 50.0 %; age 46–55, 28.2 %; age 56–65, 10.9% Muscular relaxation, strengthening, coordination and flexibility exercises Period: 13 weeks Number and hours of session: not listed Instrument: not listed Provider: fitness coach Psychological domain of quality of life (the World Health Organization Quality of Life inventory): Mental component of QOL Job satisfaction (the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire): Evaluative Psychological domain of quality of life: + job satisfaction: 0
Hartfiel et al., 2011 England University employees Int: 3 (15.0%) Cont: 1 (5.0%) Int: 40.6 (11.4) Cont: 38 (9.58) Dru yoga intervention Period: 6 weeks Number and hours of session: 60 min class per week Instrument: CD and home practice form Provider: certified instructor Life purpose and satisfaction (the Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes): Eudemonic Life purpose and satisfaction: +
Atlantis et al., 2004 Australia Star City casino employees Int: 9 (45.0%) Cont: 11 (45.8%) Int: 30 (6.8) Cont: 33 (8.3) Aerobic and weight-training exercise Period: 24 weeks Number and hours of session: not listed Instrument: personalized e-mail Provider: not listed Vitality (SF-36): Hedonic Mental health (SF-36): Mental component of QOL Vitality: + Mental health: +
Strijk et al., 2013 Netherlands Employees from academic hospital Int: 93 (25.3%) Cont: 86 (23.7%) Int: 52.5 (4.8) Cont: 52.3 (4.9) A vitality exercise program (VEP); providing free fruit, personal coaching, yoga group, and aerobic session Period: 6 months Number and hours of session: not listed Instrument: not listed Provider: qualified instructor Vitality (RAND-36 vitality scale): Hedonic Vitality (UWES): Hedonic Vitality (RAND-36 vitality scale): 0 Vitality (UWES): 0
Ergonomics
Figl-Hertlein et al., 2014 Australia Teachers of secondary school Not listed Not listed Ergonomics individual training (exercise and functional training), and stress management training Period: 5 months Number and hours of session: 2 sessions (3–4 h) Instrument: not listed Provider: licensed psychotherapist Mental health (SF-36): Mental component of QOL Emotional well-being (AVEM): Hedonic Mental health: 0 Emotional well-being: 0
Haukka et al., 2010 Finland Kitchens of schools, kindergartens and nursing homes Int: 167 (63.5%)Cont: 143 (59.3%) Int: Range = 19–63 Median = 46 Cont: Range = 19–62 Median = 47 Ergonomics participatory training Period: approximately 11–14 months Number and hours of session: 8 sessions (total 28 h, each 3–5 h) Instrument: not listed Provider: researcher Job satisfaction (“How satisfied are you with your present work?”): Evaluative Job satisfaction: –
King et al., 1997 Not listed Employees of manufacturing industry Not listed Not listed Ergonomics participatory training with job redesign Period: 2–5 weeks Number and hours of session: 2 sessions (1 h) Instrument: not listed Provider: researcher, occupational therapist and safety professional Job satisfaction (The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire): Evaluative Job satisfaction: +
Psychology (mindfulness)
Hülsheger et al., 2013 Germany Employees in hospitals, schools, kindergartens, and medical practices All: 18 (28.1%) All: 38.6 (11.1) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), self-training Period: 2 weeks (10 working days) Number and hours of session: no session Instrument: diary booklet, a CD, postcard, and daily e-mail Provider: not listed Job satisfaction [five items from Judge, Locke, Durham, and Kluger (1998)]: Evaluative Job satisfaction: +
Crain et al., 2017 Canada and United States Teacher 11% Number of men is not listed 46.9 (9.2) Mindfulness training program based on MBSR, group session and homework Period: 8 weeks Number and hours of session: 11 group sessions (2–7 h/sessions, total 36 h) Instrument: not listed Provider: instructors having formal professional training of MBSR Satisfaction with work life (“Overall, how satisfied are you with your present teaching job?”): Evaluative Satisfaction with home life (“Overall, how satisfied are you with your life at home?”): Evaluative Job satisfaction: + Life satisfaction: +
Van Berkel et al., 2014 Netherlands Employees from Dutch research Int: 36.4% Cont: 28.9% Number of men is not listed Int: 46.0 (9.4) Cont: 45.1 (9.6) Mindfulness-based training, free , lunch walking, and buddy-system, group session and e-coaching Period: 6 months Number and hours of session: 8 weekly group sessions (90 min) Instrument: e-coaching, CD, booklet Provider: certificated trainer Work engagement (UWES): Hedonic Work engagement: 0
Aikens et al., 2014 Michigan Dow employees Not listed Range = 18–65 Mindfulness program, group session and individual online training Period: 7 weeks Number and hours of session: 7 times weekly (1 h) Instrument: web site and workbook Provider: certified medicine physician with MBSR training Vigor (Shirom Vigor Scale): Hedonic Vigor: +
Allexandre et al., 2016 United States Employees of call center All: 16.8% Number of men is not listed All: 40.0 (12.6) Online mindfulness stress management program (WSM), with weekly group meeting (WSMg1), with weekly group meeting and expert clinical support (WSMg2) Period: 8 weeks Number and hours of session: 8 weekly group sessions (1 h) Instrument: online program, CD, and diary article Provider: licensed clinical counselor and social worker Mental health (SF-36): Mental component of QOL Vitality (SF-36): Hedonic Mental health: + (WSM and WSMg1) Vitality: + (WSM and WSMg1)
Shonin et al., 2014 United Kingdom Employees with middle management responsibility Int: 56.9% Cont: 56.9% Number of men is not listed Int: 40.14 (8.11) Cont: 39.91 (8.67) Meditation Awareness Training (MAT), group and individual session Period: 8 weeks Number and hours of session: 8 weekly group sessions (90 min), and 4 weekly individual sessions (50 min) Instrument: CD Provider: researcher having psychotherapy and meditation teaching experience Job satisfaction (Abridged Job in General Scale): Evaluative Job satisfaction: +
Psychology (CB based approach: CBT)
Umanodan et al., 2014 Japan Employees in a manufacturing company Int: 135 (95.1%) Cont: 109 (90.1%) Int: 39.7 Cont: 38.0 SD is not listed Computer based stress management (problem-solving, time management, assertion and delegation, cognitive reconstruction and causal attribution), individual training Period: 7.4 weeks Number and hours of session: 6 sessions Instrument: e-mail Provider: the author Job satisfaction (BJSQ): Evaluative Work engagement (UWES-J): Hedonic Job satisfaction: 0 Work engagement: 0
Bond and Bunce, 2000 Not listed People in a large media organization All: 15 (50.0 %) 36.43 (9.72) Acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) training, group session Period: 3 months Number and hours of session: 3 sessions (3.25 h per session) Instrument: not listed Provider: not listed Intrinsic job satisfaction (work and life attitude survey): Evaluative Intrinsic job satisfaction: 0
Billings et al., 2008 United States Employees in a major technology company All: 91 (29.4%) Percent per age groups; age 20–29, 24.4%; age 30–39, 51.1%; age 40–49, 20.2%; age 50–59, 3.3%; age 60–69, 1.0% Online stress and mood management training (goal setting, problem solving, and cognitive reconstruction) Period: 3 months Number and hours of session: not listed Instrument: not listed Provider: not listed Positive mood (the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule): Hedonic Positive mood: 0
Psychology (CB based approach: CBT)
Bolier et al., 2014 Netherlands Nurses and allied health professionals Int: 43 (22.9%) Cont: 31 (17.4%) Int: 42 (11.4) Cont: 38 (12.1) Tailored online interventions based on CBT Period: about 4 weeks−5 months Number and hours of session: a few sessions or modules Instrument: web site and e-mail Provider: not listed Positive mental health (The Mental Health Continuum — Short Form): Eudemonic Positive mental health: +
Psychology (CB based approach: cognitive approach)
Unsworth and Mason, 2012 Not listed White-collar professional technical staff in the public sector Int: 22 (57.9%) Cont: 20 (60.6%) Int: 46.78 (range = 37–59) Cont: 44.65 (range = 24–58) SD in not listed Online self-leadership training (self-management strategies and cognitive restructuring) Period: 10 weeks Number and hours of session: 5 modules (2 h), 1 module per 2 weeks Instrument: not listed Provider: an expert facilitator Positive affect (Job Affect Scale): Hedonic Positive affect: +
Sanders et al., 2011 Australia Employees in various organization (having a child aged between 1 and 16 years) The majority of parents participating in the study were mothers (72.4%) Not listed Workplace Triple P: training of work-family balance coping skills (e.g., cognitive reconstruction), and positive parenting skills, group sessions and telephone consultations Period: 8 weeks Number and hours of session: 4 times group session (2 h), and 4 individual telephone consultations (15 to 30 min) Instrument: workbook Provider: trained practitioner Job satisfaction (Work and Life Attitude Scale): Evaluative Job satisfaction: +
Psychology (CB based approach: behavioral approach)
Vuori et al., 2012 Finland Employees in human resources development departments and occupational health services Int: 50 (13.6%) Cont: 36 (10.3%) Int: 50.47 (6.49) Cont: 49.67 (6.44) The enhancement of career management skills (e.g., communication and assertion), group session Period: 3–7 days Number and hours of session: 5 sessions (4 h), or over 3 full days Instrument: not listed Provider: trainer Work engagement (UWES-9): Hedonic Work engagement: 0
Barbosa et al., 2015 Portugal Workers in aged care facilities All participants were women Int: 43.37 (10.00) Cont: 45.90 (8.04) Person centered care (PCC) based psycho-educational (PE) intervention (e.g., time management and problem-solving), group session Period: 8 weeks Number and hours of session: 8 weekly sessions (90 min) Instrument: hand-outs Provider: psychotherapist Job satisfaction (the short-form Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire): Evaluative Job satisfaction: 0
Psychology (others)
Waite and Richardson, 2004 United States Managers and employees in large government organization Int: 12 (16.4%) Cont: 12 (15.6%) Percent per age groups; age 18–33, 59.3%; age 34–49, 28.0%; over 50; 12.0% Resiliency training program, group session Period: 5 weeks Number and hours of session: 5 weekly sessions (7 h), and follow-up review session for managers were provided every other week (1–2 h) over 6 weeks Instrument: not listed Provider: trainer Purpose in life (the Purpose in Life Test): Eudemonic Job satisfaction (the SURVEY2000 IRS/NTEU Employee Satisfaction instrument): Evaluative Purpose in life: + Job Satisfaction: +
Fillion et al., 2009 Canada Palliative care nurses Int: 1.8% Cont: 0% Number of men is not listed Int: 44.96 (9.61) Cont: 43.13 (11.56) Meaning centered training; covering five principal themes of Viktor Frankl's logotherapy, group session Period: 4 weeks Number and hours of session: 4 weekly sessions Instrument: facilitator manual book Provider: facilitator licensed psychologist and received training Job satisfaction (General Satisfaction subscale of the Job Diagnostic Survey): Evaluative The spiritual quality of life (the Spirituality subscale of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy): Mental component of QOL The emotional quality of life [the Vigor/Activity subscale of the Shortened Profile of Mood States (POMS-37)]: Hedonic Job satisfaction: 0 The spiritual quality of life: 0 The emotional quality of life: 0
Morgan and Harris, 2015 England Workers in a medium-sized, further education college (during a period of organizational downsizing) 22 (33.3%) 45.18 (8.33) The work-related self-affirming implementation intention (WS-AII) Period: not listed (one time session) Number and hours of session: one time Instrument: not listed Provider: not listed Job satisfaction (the 16-item job satisfaction scale): Evaluative Job satisfaction: 0
Muller et al., 2016 Germany Nurses in community hospital Int: 5.6% Cont: 5.9% Number of men is not listed Int: 44.67 (9.34) Cont: 42.74 (9.91) Selection, Optimization, Compensation (SOC) training; training of coping with job demand or job resource, group session Period: 9 months Number and hours of session: 6 sessions (0.5–8 h, interval: 2–8 weeks) Instrument: manuals, worksheets, and diary Provider: trainer (experienced occupational health professional) Mental well-being (WHO-5): Hedonic Mental well-being: +
Feicht et al., 2013 Germany Employees in local insurance company Int: 13 (24.1%) Cont: 18 (38.3%) Int: 37.61 (7.72) Cont: 36.77 (10.42) Online happiness training (e.g., “How do you feel? Check your state of mind”) Period: 7 weeks Number and hours of session: 7 weekly sessions (10–15 min) Instrument: e-mail Provider: not listed Happiness and satisfaction (Visual Analog Scale): Hedonic Mental well-being (WHO-5): Hedonic Happiness and satisfaction: + Mental well-being: +
Tuckey and Scott, 2014 Australia Fire-fighters after potentially traumatic events (PTE) All: 61 (91%) Not listed Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD), group session Period: one session Number and hours of session: one session (90 min) Instrument: not listed Provider: trained and experienced mental health professionals and peer supporters Quality of life (Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire-short form): Mental component of QOL Quality of life: 0
Coffeng et al., 2014 Netherlands Office employees of a financial service provider Int: 73 (61.9%) Cont: 65 (61.3%) Int: 43.6 (10.3) Cont: 40.7 (9.2) The social environmental intervention consisted of group motivational interviewing (GMI) Period: 6 weeks Number and hours of session: 3 times (90 min) Instrument: not listed Provider: trained team leader Work engagement (UWES): Hedonic Work engagement: 0
Environment
Linzer et al., 2015 New York Primary care clinician Int: 39 (46.9 %) Cont: 41 (49.4 %) Int: 48.3 (8.9) Cont: 46.4 (9.4) Each clinic chooses a variety of methods to improve work life (e.g., improving communication and workflow) Period: not listed Number and hours of session: not listed Instrument: not listed Provider: not listed Job satisfaction (Physician job satisfaction scale): Evaluative Job satisfaction: +
Alhassan et al., 2016 Ghana Staffs in health facilities accredited by the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA). Int: 40% Cont: 30% Int: 38.3 (14.4) Cont: 36.5 (13.4) Systematic Community Engagement (SCE) Intervention, assessing and improving of health service quality (e.g., staff attitude) Period: about 1 year Number and hours of session: not decided (on a regular basis for one year) Instrument: not listed Provider: trained facilitator Staff motivation (Staff were asked to rank their motivation levels on 19 workplace motivation proxies): Evaluative Staff motivation: +
Stansfeld et al., 2015 Not listed Employees and managers in National Health Service (NHS) Mental Health Trust Int: 74 (26.2%) Cont: 10 (15.0%) Aged over 50 Int: 21 (31%) Cont: 112 (40%) E-learning program for managers based on the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) management standards for work-related stress, face to face session and support by telephone Period: 3 months Number and hours of session: 1–2 modules weekly Instrument: not listed Provider: trained facilitator Employee well-being (the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale): Hedonic Employee well-being: 0
Multi component
Roussel et al., 2015 Not listed Hospital employees with an increased risk for the development of low back pain Int: 5 (16.1%) Cont: 7 (18.4%) Int: 41.4 Cont: 40.4 SD in not listed A multidisciplinary prevention program for low back pain (LBP): physical activity, ergonomics, and psychological training Period: 3 months Number and hours of session: 10 group sessions (1 h), and 5 individual sessions Instrument: not listed Provider: physiotherapists, dietician, and occupational therapists Vitality (SF-36): Hedonic Mental health (SF-36): Mental component of QOL Vitality: 0 Mental health: 0
Sforzo et al., 2012 New York Employees in the company's New York City main branch where more than 11,000 were employed 44 (45.8%) 34.5 (7.48) The multipoint educational intervention: physical activity and psychological (stress management) intervention Period: 12 weeks Number and hours of session: several times educational sessions and weekly text messages, and twice cafeteria tours Instrument: web site, the fitness facility, and discount for healthy meal choices in the cafeteria Provider: not listed Life satisfaction (The five-item Satisfaction with Life Scale): Evaluative Job satisfaction (Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale): Evaluative Life satisfaction: 0 Job satisfaction: 0
Others
Schrijnemaekers et al., 2003 Netherlands Caregivers for elderly persons Int: 7 (4.6%) Cont: 10 (7.2%) Int: 35.2 (9.3) Cont: 37.7 (8.6) Emotion-oriented care training for caregivers (e.g., learning non-verbal communication toward the resident), group session, homework Period: 8 months Number and hours of session: 2 clinical lessons (1 h), 6-day training program, and 3 supervision meetings Instrument: video Provider: the qualified and experienced teacher of a professional training organization Job satisfaction of the professional caregivers (Maastricht Work Satisfaction Scale for Healthcare): Evaluative Satisfaction with opportunities for self-actualization: + Satisfaction with head of the ward: + Satisfaction with quality of care: 0 Satisfaction with contact with colleagues: 0 Satisfaction with contact with residents: 0
Backman et al., 2011 United States Low-wage workers of apparel manufacturers or food processors Int: 135 (34.5%) Cont: 46 (33.6%) Int: 32.6 (8.3) Cont: 33.9 (10.1) Providing fresh fruit at workplace Period: 12 weeks Number and hours of session: 3 days a week Instrument: fruit delivery Provider: fruit delivery company Job satisfaction (using 3 items, including workers' satisfaction with their jobs, supervisors/managers, and companies): Evaluative Job satisfaction: 0
Bittman et al., 2003 United States Employees in a non-profit continuing care retirement community 24 (21.4%) 45.3 SD in not listed Recreational music making intervention (e.g., a mind-body wellness exercise, activity using shaker, and playing drum), group session Period: 6 weeks Number and hours of session: 6 sessions (1 h) Instrument: hand drums, sound shapes, auxiliary percussion instruments , and a clavi nova Provider: trained facilitator Vigor/activity (POMS): Hedonic Vigor/activity: +
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+, favorable effect; –, unfavorable effect; 0, no effect; SWB, subjective well-being; Int, intervention; Cont, control.

The authors apologize for these errors and state that they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

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