In the manuscript “Effects of hepatitis C virus genotypes and viral load on glucose and lipid metabolism after sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals”, https:// doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20221163, published in the Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2023;69(5):e20221163:
Pages 5 and 6 on Table 2, where it reads:
Table 2. Analysis of the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, homeostasis model assessment-β cell index, TyG index, and HbA1c in relation to viral characteristics.
| HOMA-IR pretreatment Mean (SD) |
HOMA-IR pretreatment 95%CI |
HOMA-IR SVR Mean (SD) |
HOMA-IR SVR 95%CI |
p-value | HOMA-β pretreatment Mean (SD) |
HOMA-β pretreatment 95%CI |
HOMA-β SVR Mean (SD) |
HOMA-β SVR 95%CI |
p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotypes (G) | Genotype (G) | ||||||||||||
| Genotype 1 (146) | 2.42 (±1.76) | 2.13–2.72 | 2.65 (±1.87) | 2.37–2.99 | 0.079 | Genotype 1 (146) | 89.29 (±62.85) | 79.42–99.37 | 103.97 (±79.97) | 91.27–117.30 | 0.028 | ||
| G1 a (67) | 2.36 (±1.60) | 2.02–2.79 | 2.53 (±1.83) | 2.12–3.00 | 0.457 | G1 a (67) | 85.81 (±53.67) | 73.25–99.82 | 98.27 (±91.03) | 79.46–121.54 | 0.223 | ||
| G1 b (78) | 2.63 (±2.44) | 2.14–3.19 | 3.06 (±3.76) | 2.34–3.94 | 0.098 | G1 b (78) | 91.12 (±62.94) | 77.56–105.43 | 104.16 (±61.73) | 90.66–117.47 | 0.086 | ||
| Genotype 2 (38) | 2.75 (±2.03) | 2.17–3.40 | 2.53 (±1.80) | 2.00–3.10 | 0.323 | Genotype 2 (38) | 79.34 (±54.38) | 63.93–99.16 | 72.78 (±43.84) | 59.75–87.58 | 0.516 | ||
| Genotype 3 (87) | 2.56 (±2.33) | 2.09–3.14 | 2.96 (±3.50) | 2.34–3.80 | 0.117 | Genotype 3 (87) | 87.51 (±56.82) | 76.00–101.42 | 99.61 (±57.16) | 87.76–11.01 | 0.058 | ||
| Viral load (VL) | 2.51 (±1.80) | 2.22–2.84 | 2.68 (±2.05) | 2.36–3.06 | 0.300 | Viral load (VL) | 87.85 (±65.71) | 76.86–99.40 | 98.62 (±79.30) | 86.28–113.14 | 0.147 | ||
| ≥600,000 – High (132) | 2.51 (±1.81) | 2.22–2.85 | 2.69 (±2.06) | 2.34–3.07 | 0.294 | ≥600,000 – High (132) | 87.40 (±65.76) | 77.61–98.48 | 99.23 (±79.29) | 86.33–113.98 | 0.108 | ||
| ≤599,999 – Low (131) | 2.50 (±1.87) | 2.09–2.93 | 2.76 (±1.80) | 2.33-3.16 | 0.239 | ≤599,999 – Low (131) | 92.17±70.27 | 77.17–108.12 | 110.80±94.10 | 90.41–134.05 | 0.089 | ||
| Genotype 1 (G1) | 2.31 (±1.66) | 1.96–2.77 | 2.52 (±1.98) | 2,10–3.07 | 0.148 | Genotype 1 (G1) | 85.15±52.49 | 72.99–99.07 | 96.34±60.84 | 82.02–110.66 | 0.050 | ||
| High VL (76) | 2.54 (±1.74) | 2.10–3.04 | 2.60 (±2.38) | 2.38–3.29 | 0.813 | High VL (76) | 82.02±59.63 | 66.46–98.06 | 81.67±49.57 | 68.98–94.74 | 0.966 | ||
| Low VL (66) | 2.67 (±2.57) | 2.11–3.32 | 3.00 (±3.55) | 2.35–3.85 | 0.181 | Low VL (66) | 87.40±53.29 | 75.30–100.29 | 99.14±57.62 | 86.12–114.00 | 0.080 | ||
| Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | ||||||||||||
| High VL (55) | High VL (55) | ||||||||||||
| Low VL (70) | Low VL (70) | ||||||||||||
|
TyG pretreatment
Mean (SD) |
TyG pretreatment
95%CI |
TyG
RVS Mean (SD) |
TyG
RVS 95%CI |
p-value |
HbA1c pretreatment
Mean (SD) |
HbA1c pretreatment
95%CI |
HbA1c
RVS Mean (SD) |
HbA1c
RVS 95%CI |
p-value | ||||
| Genotypes (G) | Genotypes | ||||||||||||
| Genotype 1 (144) | 4.56 (±0.26) | 4.52–4.60 | 4.58 (±0.27) | 4.53–4.62 | 0.510 | Genotype 1 (146) | 5.63 (±0.92) | 5.49–5.80 | 5.54 (±0.78) | 5.42–5.69 | 0.144 | ||
| G1 a (66) | 4.58 (±0.24) | 4.51–4.63 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.49–4.64 | 0.651 | G1 a (68) | 5.78 (±1.02) | 5.54–6.04 | 5.69 (±0.98) | 5.46–5.94 | 0.391 | ||
| G1 b (74) | 4.51 (±0.25) | 4.46–4.57 | 4.57 (±0.30) | 4.51–4.64 | 0.017 | G1 b (78) | 5.59 (±0.77) | 5.43–5.79 | 5.47 (±0.66) | 5.33–5.61 | 0.155 | ||
| Genotype 2 (37) | 4.63 (±0.31) | 4,53–4.73 | 4.64 (±0.29) | 4.54–4.74 | 0.771 | Genotype 2 (38) | 5.83 (±0.94) | 5.56–6.15 | 5.91 (±1.05) | 5.59–6.27 | 0.400 | ||
| Genotype 3 (83) | 4.48 (±0.23) | 4,43–4.52 | 4.54 (±0.33) | 4.48–4.62 | 0.024 | Genotype 3 (87) | 5.85 (±1.06) | 5.65–6.11 | 5.54 (±1.08) | 5.34–5.79 | 0.001 | ||
| Viral load (VL) | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4,51–4.60 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.51–4.62 | 0.639 | Viral load (VL) | 5.71 (±0.91) | 5.57–5.88 | 5.61 (±1.02) | 5.44–5.80 | 0.117 | ||
| ≥600,000 – High (128) | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4,50–4.60 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.50–4.62 | 0.634 | ≥600,000 – High (132) | 5.72 (±0.92) | 5.56–5.88 | 5.61 (±1.03) | 5.45–5.80 | 0.119 | ||
| ≤599,999 – Low (127) | 5.56 (±0.26) | 4.50–4.62 | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4.49–4.61 | 0.813 | ≤599,999 – Low (131) | 5.68 (±0.97) | 5.47–5.92 | 5.53 (±0.88) | 5.35–5.75 | 0.108 | ||
| Genotype 1 (G1) | 4.56 (±0.26) | 4.50–4.63 | 4.59 (±0.26) | 4.52–4.65 | 0.389 | Genotype (G1) | 5.58 (±0.83) | 5.40–5.79 | 5.52 (±0.63) | 5.37–5.67 | 0.462 | ||
| G1+High VL (76) | 4.54 (±0.28) | 4.46–4.62 | 4.57 (±0.37) | 4.47–4.67 | 0.323 | G1+High VL (76) | 5.78 (±0.84) | 5.58–6.01 | 5.73 (±1.20) | 5.44–6.05 | 0.609 | ||
| G1+Low VL (66) | 4.51 (±0.26) | 4.45–4.57 | 4.57 (±0.29) | 4.51–4.64 | 0.039 | G1+Low VL (66) | 5.90 (±1.14) | 5.65–6.19 | 5.59 (±0.99) | 5.38–5.85 | 0.005 | ||
| Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | ||||||||||||
| GN1+High VL (55) | GN1+High VL (55) | ||||||||||||
| GN1+Low VL (68) | GN1+Low VL (70) | ||||||||||||
|
HOMA-IR pretreatment
Mean (SD) |
HOMA-IR pretreatment
95%CI |
HOMA-IR
SVR Mean (SD) |
HOMA-IR
SVR 95%CI |
p-value |
HOMA-β pretreatment
Mean (SD) |
HOMA-β pretreatment
95%CI |
HOMA-β
SVR Mean (SD) |
HOMA-β
SVR 95%CI |
p-value | ||||
| Genotypes (G) | Genotype (G) | ||||||||||||
| Genotype 1 (146) | 2.42 (±1.76) | 2.13–2.72 | 2.65 (±1.87) | 2.37–2.99 | 0.079 | Genotype 1 (146) | 89.29 (±62.85) | 79.42–99.37 | 103.97 (±79.97) | 91.27–117.30 | 0.028 | ||
| G1 a (67) | 2.36 (±1.60) | 2.02–2.79 | 2.53 (±1.83) | 2.12–3.00 | 0.457 | G1 a (67) | 85.81 (±53.67) | 73.25–99.82 | 98.27 (±91.03) | 79.46–121.54 | 0.223 | ||
| G1 b (78) | 2.63 (±2.44) | 2.14–3.19 | 3.06 (±3.76) | 2.34–3.94 | 0.098 | G1 b (78) | 91.12 (±62.94) | 77.56–105.43 | 104.16 (±61.73) | 90.66–117.47 | 0.086 | ||
| Genotype 2 (38) | 2.75 (±2.03) | 2.17–3.40 | 2.53 (±1.80) | 2.00–3.10 | 0.323 | Genotype 2 (38) | 79.34 (±54.38) | 63.93–99.16 | 72.78 (±43.84) | 59.75–87.58 | 0.516 | ||
| Genotype 3 (87) | 2.56 (±2.33) | 2.09–3.14 | 2.96 (±3.50) | 2.34–3.80 | 0.117 | Genotype 3 (87) | 87.51 (±56.82) | 76.00–101.42 | 99.61 (±57.16) | 87.76–11.01 | 0.058 | ||
| Viral load (VL) | 2.51 (±1.80) | 2.22–2.84 | 2.68 (±2.05) | 2.36–3.06 | 0.300 | Viral load (VL) | 87.85 (±65.71) | 76.86–99.40 | 98.62 (±79.30) | 86.28–113.14 | 0.147 | ||
| ≥600,000 – High (132) | 2.51 (±1.81) | 2.22–2.85 | 2.69 (±2.06) | 2.34–3.07 | 0.294 | ≥600,000 – High (132) | 87.40 (±65.76) | 77.61–98.48 | 99.23 (±79.29) | 86.33–113.98 | 0.108 | ||
| ≤599,999 – Low (131) | 2.50 (±1.87) | 2.09–2.93 | 2.76 (±1.80) | 2.33-3.16 | 0.239 | ≤599,999 – Low (131) | 92.17±70.27 | 77.17–108.12 | 110.80±94.10 | 90.41–134.05 | 0.089 | ||
| Genotype 1 (G1) | 2.31 (±1.66) | 1.96–2.77 | 2.52 (±1.98) | 2,10–3.07 | 0.148 | Genotype 1 (G1) | 85.15±52.49 | 72.99–99.07 | 96.34±60.84 | 82.02–110.66 | 0.050 | ||
| High VL (76) | 2.54 (±1.74) | 2.10–3.04 | 2.60 (±2.38) | 2.38–3.29 | 0.813 | High VL (76) | 82.02±59.63 | 66.46–98.06 | 81.67±49.57 | 68.98–94.74 | 0.966 | ||
| Low VL (66) | 2.67 (±2.57) | 2.11–3.32 | 3.00 (±3.55) | 2.35–3.85 | 0.181 | Low VL (66) | 87.40±53.29 | 75.30–100.29 | 99.14±57.62 | 86.12–114.00 | 0.080 | ||
| Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | ||||||||||||
| High VL (55) | High VL (55) | ||||||||||||
| Low VL (70) | Low VL (70) | ||||||||||||
|
TyG pretreatment
Mean (SD) |
TyG pretreatment
95%CI |
TyG
RVS Mean (SD) |
TyG
RVS 95%CI |
p-value |
HbA1c pretreatment
Mean (SD) |
HbA1c pretreatment
95%CI |
HbA1c
RVS Mean (SD) |
HbA1c
RVS 95%CI |
p-value | ||||
| Genotypes (G) | Genotypes | ||||||||||||
| Genotype 1 (144) | 4.56 (±0.26) | 4.52–4.60 | 4.58 (±0.27) | 4.53–4.62 | 0.510 | Genotype 1 (146) | 5.63 (±0.92) | 5.49–5.80 | 5.54 (±0.78) | 5.42–5.69 | 0.144 | ||
| G1 a (66) | 4.58 (±0.24) | 4.51–4.63 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.49–4.64 | 0.651 | G1 a (68) | 5.78 (±1.02) | 5.54–6.04 | 5.69 (±0.98) | 5.46–5.94 | 0.391 | ||
| G1 b (74) | 4.51 (±0.25) | 4.46–4.57 | 4.57 (±0.30) | 4.51–4.64 | 0.017 | G1 b (78) | 5.59 (±0.77) | 5.43–5.79 | 5.47 (±0.66) | 5.33–5.61 | 0.155 | ||
| Genotype 2 (37) | 4.63 (±0.31) | 4,53–4.73 | 4.64 (±0.29) | 4.54–4.74 | 0.771 | Genotype 2 (38) | 5.83 (±0.94) | 5.56–6.15 | 5.91 (±1.05) | 5.59–6.27 | 0.400 | ||
| Genotype 3 (83) | 4.48 (±0.23) | 4,43–4.52 | 4.54 (±0.33) | 4.48–4.62 | 0.024 | Genotype 3 (87) | 5.85 (±1.06) | 5.65–6.11 | 5.54 (±1.08) | 5.34–5.79 | 0.001 | ||
| Viral load (VL) | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4,51–4.60 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.51–4.62 | 0.639 | Viral load (VL) | 5.71 (±0.91) | 5.57–5.88 | 5.61 (±1.02) | 5.44–5.80 | 0.117 | ||
| ≥600,000 – High (128) | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4,50–4.60 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.50–4.62 | 0.634 | ≥600,000 – High (132) | 5.72 (±0.92) | 5.56–5.88 | 5.61 (±1.03) | 5.45–5.80 | 0.119 | ||
| ≤599,999 – Low (127) | 5.56 (±0.26) | 4.50–4.62 | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4.49–4.61 | 0.813 | ≤599,999 – Low (131) | 5.68 (±0.97) | 5.47–5.92 | 5.53 (±0.88) | 5.35–5.75 | 0.108 | ||
| Genotype 1 (G1) | 4.56 (±0.26) | 4.50–4.63 | 4.59 (±0.26) | 4.52–4.65 | 0.389 | Genotype (G1) | 5.58 (±0.83) | 5.40–5.79 | 5.52 (±0.63) | 5.37–5.67 | 0.462 | ||
| G1+High VL (76) | 4.54 (±0.28) | 4.46–4.62 | 4.57 (±0.37) | 4.47–4.67 | 0.323 | G1+High VL (76) | 5.78 (±0.84) | 5.58–6.01 | 5.73 (±1.20) | 5.44–6.05 | 0.609 | ||
| G1+Low VL (66) | 4.51 (±0.26) | 4.45–4.57 | 4.57 (±0.29) | 4.51–4.64 | 0.039 | G1+Low VL (66) | 5.90 (±1.14) | 5.65–6.19 | 5.59 (±0.99) | 5.38–5.85 | 0.005 | ||
| Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | ||||||||||||
| GN1+High VL (55) | GN1+High VL (55) | ||||||||||||
| GN1+Low VL (68) | GN1+Low VL (70) | ||||||||||||
HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment-β cell; TyG: product of triglycerides and glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; SD: standard deviation; SVR: sustained viral response; CI: confidence interval.
Pages 5 and 6 on Table 2, it should read:
Table 2. Analysis of the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, homeostasis model assessment-β cell index, TyG index, and HbA1c in relation to viral characteristics.
|
|
|
|
p-valor |
|
|
|
|
p-valor | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotypes (G) | Genotype (G) | ||||||||||
| Genotype 1 (146) | 2.42 (±1.76) | 2.13 - 2.72 | 2.65 (±1.87) | 2.37 - 2.99 | 0.079 | Genotype 1 (146) | 89.29 (±62.85) | 79.42-99.37 | 103.97(±79.97) | 91.27-117.30 | 0.028 |
| G1 a (67) | 2.36 (±1.60) | 2.02 - 2.79 | 2.53 (±1.83) | 2.12 - 3.00 | 0.457 | G1 a (67) | 85.81 (±53.67) | 73.25-99.82 | 98.27(±91.03) | 79.46-121.54 | 0.223 |
| G1 b (78) | 2.63 (±2.44) | 2.14 - 3.19 | 3.06 (±3.76) | 2.34 - 3.94 | 0.098 | G1 b (78) | 91.12 (±62.94) | 77.56-105.43 | 104.16(±61.73) | 90.66-117.47 | 0.086 |
| Genotype 2 (38) | 2.75 (±2.03) | 2.17 - 3.40 | 2.53 (±1.80) | 2.00 - 3.10 | 0.323 | Genotype 2 (38) | 79.34(±54.38) | 63.93-99.16 | 72.78(±43.84) | 59.75-87.58 | 0.516 |
| Genotype 3 (87) | 2.56 (±2.33) | 2.09 - 3.14 | 2.96 (±3.50) | 2.34 - 3.80 | 0.117 | Genotype 3 (87) | 87.51(±56.82) | 76.00-101.42 | 99.61(±57.16) | 87.76-11.01 | 0.058 |
| Viral load (VL) | Viral load (VL) | ||||||||||
| ≥ 600000 - High (132) | 2.51 (±1.80) | 2.22 - 2.84 | 2.68 (±2.05) | 2.36 - 3.06 | 0.300 | ≥ 600000 - High (132) | 87.85(±65.71) | 76.86-99.40 | 98.62(±79.30) | 86.28-113.14 | 0.147 |
| ≤ 599999- Low (131) | 2.51 (±1.81) | 2.22 - 2.85 | 2.69 (± 2.06) | 2.34 - 3.07 | 0.294 | ≤ 599999- Low (131) | 87.40(±65.76) | 77.61-98.48 | 99.23(±79.29) | 86.33-113.98 | 0.108 |
| Genótipo 1 (G1) | Genotype 1 (G1) | ||||||||||
| High VL (76) | 2.50 (±1.87) | 2.09 - 2.93 | 2.76 (±1.80) | 2.33 -3.16 | 0.239 | High VL (76) | 92.17 ±70.27 | 77.17-108.12 | 110.80 ± 94.10 | 90.41-134.05 | 0.089 |
| Low VL (66) | 2.31 (±1.66) | 1.96 - 2.77 | 2.52 (±1.98) | 2,10 - 3.07 | 0.148 | Low VL (66) | 85.15±52.49 | 72.99 - 99.07 | 96.34 ± 60.84 | 82.02 -110.66 | 0.050 |
| Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | ||||||||||
| High VL (55) | 2.54 (±1.74) | 2.10 - 3.04 | 2.60 (±2.38) | 2.38 - 3.29 | 0.813 | High VL (55) | 82.02 ±59.63 | 66.46 - 98.06 | 81.67±49.57 | 68.98 - 94.74 | 0.966 |
| Low VL (70) | 2.67 (±2.57) | 2.11 - 3.32 | 3.00 (±3.55) | 2.35 - 3.85 | 0.181 | Low VL (70) | 87.40± 53.29 | 75.30- 100.29 | 99.14±57.62 | 86.12- 114.00 | 0.080 |
|
|
|
|
p-valor |
|
|
|
|
p-valor | ||
| Genotypes (G) | Genotypes | ||||||||||
| Genotype 1 (144) | 4.56(±0.26) | 4.52 - 4.60 | 4.58 (±0.27) | 4.53 - 4.62 | 0.510 | Genotype 1 (146) | 5.63 (±0.92) | 5.49 - 5.80 | 5.54 (±0.78) | 5.42 - 5.69 | 0.144 |
| G1 a (66) | 4.58 (±0.24) | 4.51 - 4.63 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.49 - 4.64 | 0.651 | G1 a (68) | 5.78 (±1.02) | 5.54 - 6.04 | 5.69 (±0.98) | 5.46 - 5.94 | 0.391 |
| G1 b (74) | 4.51 (±0.25) | 4.46 - 4.57 | 4.57 (±0.30) | 4.51 - 4.64 | 0.017 | G1 b (78) | 5.59 (±0.77) | 5.43 - 5.79 | 5.47 (±0.66) | 5.33 - 5.61 | 0.155 |
| Genotype 2 (37) | 4.63 (±0.31) | 4,53 - 4.73 | 4.64 (±0.29) | 4.54 - 4.74 | 0.771 | Genotype 2 (38) | 5.83 (±0.94) | 5.56 - 6.15 | 5.91 (±1.05) | 5.59 - 6.27 | 0.400 |
| Genotype 3 (83) | 4.48 (±0.23) | 4,43 - 4.52 | 4.54 (±0.33) | 4.48 - 4.62 | 0.024 | Genotype 3 (87) | 5.85 (±1.06) | 5.65 - 6.11 | 5.54 (±1.08) | 5.34 - 5.79 | 0.001 |
| Viral load (VL) | Viral load (VL) | ||||||||||
| ≥ 600000 High (128) | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4,51 - 4.60 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.51 - 4.62 | 0.639 | ≥ 600000 High (132) | 5.71 (±0.91) | 5.57 - 5.88 | 5.61 (±1.02) | 5.44 - 5.80 | 0.117 |
| ≤ 599999 Low (127) | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4,50 - 4.60 | 4.56 (±0.31) | 4.50 - 4.62 | 0.634 | ≤ 599999 Low (131) | 5.72(±0.92) | 5.56 - 5.88 | 5.61 (±1.03) | 5.45 - 5.80 | 0.119 |
| Genotype 1 (G1) | Genotype (G1) | ||||||||||
| G1 + High VL (76) | 5.56 (±0.26) | 4.50 - 4.62 | 4.55 (±0.27) | 4.49 - 4.61 | 0.813 | G1 + High VL (76) | 5.68 (±0.97) | 5.47 - 5.92 | 5.53 (±0.88) | 5.35 - 5.75 | 0.108 |
| G1 + Low VL (66) | 4.56 (±0.26) | 4.50 - 4.63 | 4.59 (±0.26) | 4.52 - 4.65 | 0.389 | G1 + Low VL (66) | 5.58 (±0.83) | 5.40 - 5.79 | 5.52 (±0.63) | 5.37 - 5.67 | 0.462 |
| Non-1 Genotype (GN1) | Non-1 Genotype(GN1) | ||||||||||
| GN1 + High VL (55) | 4.54 (±0.28) | 4.46 - 4.62 | 4.57 (±0.37) | 4.47 - 4.67 | 0.323 | GN1 + High VL (55) | 5.78 (±0.84) | 5.58 - 6.01 | 5.73 (±1.20) | 5.44 - 6.05 | 0.609 |
| GN1 + Low VL (68) | 4.51 (±0.26) | 4.45 - 4.57 | 4.57 (±0.29) | 4.51 - 4.64 | 0.039 | GN1 + Low VL (70) | 5.90 (±1.14) | 5.65 - 6.19 | 5.59 (±0.99) | 5.38 - 5.85 | 0.005 |
HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment-β cell; TyG: product of triglycerides and glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; SD: standard deviation; SVR: sustained viral response; CI: confidence interval.