Table 1.
Sociodemographic and disease characteristics of patients with ALL, overall and by poverty status
| Variable | Entire cohort (n = 592) | Not in extreme poverty (n = 519) | In extreme poverty (n = 73) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis in years | ||||
| Median (range) | 5 (1-19) | 5 (1-19) | 5 (1-18) | .9 |
| Mean (±standard deviation) | 6.1 (4.4) | 6.1 (4.4) | 6.1 (4.5) | .9 |
| Age at study enrollment in years | ||||
| Median (range) | 6 (2-21) | 6 (6-21) | 6 (2-20) | .8 |
| Mean (±standard deviation) | 7.6 (4.5) | 7.6 (4.5) | 7.8 (4.6) | .7 |
| Length of follow-up in years | ||||
| Median (range) | 7.9 (0.1-13.0) | 7.9 (0.1-13.0) | 7.0 (0.4-10.6) | .05 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 405 (68.4) | 354 (68.2) | 51 (69.9) | .8 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| African-American or Black | 108 (18.2) | 90 (17.3) | 18 (24.7) | <.001 |
| Asian | 85 (14.4) | 77 (14.8) | 8 (11.0) | |
| Hispanic | 207 (35.0) | 163 (31.4) | 44 (60.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 192 (32.4) | 189 (36.4) | 3 (4.1) | |
| Parental education, n (%) | ||||
| ≤HS | 205 (34.6) | 154 (29.6) | 51 (69.8) | <.001 |
| Household structure | ||||
| Number of household members, median (range) | 4 (2-12) | 4 (2-12) | 6 (4-12) | <.001 |
| Total number of children <18 y old, median (range) | 2 (1-10) | 2 (1-10) | 3 (1-6) | <.001 |
| ALL subtype, n (%)∗ | ||||
| B-lymphoblastic leukemia | 521 (88.0) | 454 (87.4) | 67 (91.7) | .2 |
| T-lymphoblastic leukemia | 63 (10.6) | 58 (11.2) | 5 (6.8) | .3 |
| NCI risk group, n (%) | ||||
| Standard risk | 345 (58.2) | 303 (58.3) | 42 (57.5) | .9 |
| Cytogenetics, n (%)† | ||||
| Favorable | 227 (38.3) | 203 (39.1) | 24 (32.8) | .6 |
| Neutral | 298 (50.3) | 260 (50.1) | 38 (52.1) | |
| Unfavorable | 30 (5.1) | 25 (4.8) | 5 (6.8) | |
| 6MP dose intensity | ||||
| Median (range) | 0.88 (0.03-2.97) | 0.88 (0.03-2.97) | 0.89 (0.4-1.50) | .2 |
| MTXDI dose intensity | ||||
| Median (range) | 0.88 (0.2-2.74) | 0.88 (0.2-2.74) | 0.9 (0.26-1.46) | .3 |
Favorable cytogenetics included t(12;21); hyperdiploidy; trisomy 4 and 10; or trisomy 4, 10, and 17. Unfavorable cytogenetics included t(9;22), t(4;11), hypodiploidy, or extreme hypodiploidy. Neutral cytogenetics implied absence of favorable or unfavorable cytogenetics.
Data were missing for
∗
ALL subtype (n = 8) and
†
cytogenetics (n = 37).