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. 2023 Jun 23;11(7):1644. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071644

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Medium fluorescence intensity (MFI) of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). (a,b) MFI values of the two types of stimulation with immunobiotic (IB); (c,d) MFI values of the two types of stimulation with paraprobiotic (PP); (e,f) MFI values of the two types of stimulation with postbiotic (PB) of EcN against Escherichia coli EHEC (H) and EPEC (P) on J774A.1 macrophages were obtained. Results are expressed as the Mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.

Medium fluorescence intensity (MFI) of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). (a,b) MFI values of the two types of stimulation with immunobiotic (IB); (c,d) MFI values of the two types of stimulation with paraprobiotic (PP); (e,f) MFI values of the two types of stimulation with postbiotic (PB) of EcN against Escherichia coli EHEC (H) and EPEC (P) on J774A.1 macrophages were obtained. Results are expressed as the Mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.