Figure 4.

(a) Glossostemon bruguieri: G. bruguieri (also known as Moghat) is a shrub native to Iraq and Iran. In the past, it was cultivated in Egypt for its edible roots. The dried and peeled roots have been used in folk medicine to treat conditions such as gout and spasms and as a tonic and nourishment. Additionally, powdered Moghat has been traditionally consumed as a tonic and lactagogic remedy by women after childbirth. (b) Hyphaene thebaica: H. thebaica is a plant species commonly known as doum palm. It is native to regions of Africa and the Middle East. The seeds and pollen of H. thebaica are a source of estrone (4). (c) Malus pumila: M. pumila, commonly known as apple, is a fruit-bearing tree cultivated worldwide. Estrone (4) has been isolated from the seeds and pollen of M. pumila. (d) Punica granatum: P. granatum, or pomegranate, is a fruit-bearing shrub or small tree. It has been associated with various health benefits and may help prevent or treat conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and inflammatory activity. Estrone (4) has been found in P. granatum. Note: all photos used in this figure are obtained from sites where permission is granted for non-commercial use.