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. 2023 Jul 3;15(7):1869. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071869

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Prioritized hederagenin derivatives kill F. hepatica (Italian strain) immature flukes. Immature F. hepatica flukes (n = 4) were co-cultured with TCBZ (40 µM in 0.4% DMSO), medium containing the DMSO solvent (0.4%) or the six prioritized hederagenin derivatives (40 µM in 0.4% DMSO) for 72 h. Each parasite was carefully observed using bright field microscopy and scored accordingly (1 for normal movement, 5 for no movement or death). Each parasite was scored at three time points: 24, 48 and 72 h. Except for MC057, all parasites treated with TCBZ (green circles) and modified saponins were completely immobile by 72 h of co-incubation. Significance was calculated by multiple comparisons (Dunn’s test) with an individual fluke score represented by a circle, means of the population are represented in black and error bars are represented by red. Statistically significant difference in motility, compared to adult flukes co-cultured in 0.4% DMSO, are indicated (***, p < 0.0001).