a, Overview of the tissue profiling strategy and the use of available datasets for age scoring. Cardiac tissues collected from paediatric patients were flash-frozen or fixed in formalin. Control data were from Sim et al. (2021)10. Formalin-fixed tissue sections were used for histology and imaging. **n = 2, ****n = 4; mo, month. b, Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) embedding of 157,293 paediatric cardiac nuclei. CM, cardiomyocyte; CF, cardiac fibroblast; EC, endothelial cell; EpiL, epithelial-like; EpiC, epicardial cell; EndoC, endocardial cell; LEC, lymphatic endothelial cell; PeriC, pericyte; Adipo, adipocyte; Neuro, neuron; MΦ, macrophage. c, Heat map displaying DEGs for each cluster. Clusters are coloured according to Fig. 1b. The signal indicates the average expression for each cluster. Representative genes are displayed on the right. WBSCR17 is also known as GALNT17; MUM1L1 is also known as PWWP3B.