Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Paroxysmal (n = 113) | Early persistent (n = 86) | Non-early persistent (n = 101) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD (n) | 61.3 ± 9.6 (113) | 61.7 ± 10.4 (86) | 63.1 ± 8.6 (101) | 0.3395 |
| Sex, male | 60.2% (68/113) | 77.9% (67/86) | 75.2% (76/101) | 0.0105 |
| Height, inch, mean ± SD (n) | 68.0 ± 3.8 (113) | 68.9 ± 4.0 (86) | 68.8 ± 3.6 (101) | 0.2192 |
| Weight, lbs, mean ± SD (n) | 186.2 ± 38.5 (113) | 189.3 ± 39.4 (86) | 192.7 ± 35.3 (101) | 0.4598 |
| BMI, mean ± SD (n) | 28.2 ± 4.9 (113) | 27.9 ± 4.5 (86) | 28.6 ± 4.4 (101) | 0.6313 |
| History of heart failure | 14.2% (16/113) | 41.9% (36/86) | 29.7% (30/101) | <0.0001 |
| NYHA classification | 0.4327 | |||
| I | 18.8% (3/16) | 22.2% (8/36) | 6.7% (2/30) | |
| II | 62.5% (10/16) | 61.1% (22/36) | 53.3% (16/30) | |
| III | 12.5% (2/16) | 16.7% (6/36) | 26.7% (8/30) | |
| IV | 0.0% (0/16) | 0.0% (0/36) | 0.0% (0/30) | |
| Not evaluated | 6.3% (1/16) | 0.0% (0/36) | 13.3% (4/30) | |
| TTE performed | 99.1% (112/113) | 100.0% (86/86) | 97.0% (98/101) | 0.2605 |
| LVEF, %, mean ± SD (n) | 59.9 ± 6.9 (108) | 56.4 ± 8.9 (85) | 55.5 ± 9.2 (95) | 0.0004 |
| LAD, mm, mean ± SD (n) | 41.2 ± 12.0 (94) | 42.8 ± 10.3 (70) | 46.1 ± 13.9 (62) | 0.0464 |
| LAV, mL, mean ± SD (n) | 62.8 ± 25.7 (51) | 63.3 ± 32.7 (51) | 79.8 ± 34.6 (49) | 0.0097 |
| Evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy | 16.1% (18/112) | 17.4% (15/86) | 14.3% (14/98) | 0.8409 |
| Evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 0.9% (1/112) | 3.5% (3/86) | 2.0% (2/98) | 0.4495 |
BMI, body mass index; LAD, left atrial diameter; LAV, left atrial volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SD, standard deviation; TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram.