Figure 2. Flow of Participants in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Perioperative Vaginal Estrogen as Adjunct to Native Tissue Vaginal Apical Prolapse Repair.

^aOther reasons for patient exclusion: planned for nonnative tissue transvaginal surgery, enrolled in an alternative research study, surgery planned in less than 5 weeks, patient inability to speak/read/write in English or Spanish, ulcerated or excoriated tissues, or requiring a coordinated procedure with other surgical teams.