Fig. 5.

Aβ oligomer and tau oligomer concentrations in CSF. Aβ oligomer (A–C) and tau oligomer concentrations (E–G) in CSF of placebo, 3 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg treated animals with RD2 were determined with sFIDA assay. A green connection line indicates a positive change and a red line indicates a negative change. Pairwise comparison with one-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant difference between baseline and three-month treatment in Aβ oligomer concentrations in any of the treatment groups (A–C), and in tau oligomer concentration in the 30 mg/kg RD2 group (G). In placebo (E) and 3 mg/kg RD2 (F) treated animals the tau oligomer concentration is significantly increased after three-month treatment compared to baseline. Changes (Δ) of Aβ oligomer (D) and tau oligomer (H) levels were calculated by subtracting baseline values from three-month treatment values. A negative change indicates a reduction of oligomer concentration, and a positive change indicates an increasing of oligomer concentration after treatment. A Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant difference in Δ tau (H) between the 30 mg/kg RD2 group and both other treatment groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Data is presented as mean ± SEM; n = 12. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)