Table 3.
Summary of GENCOV participant self-reported COVID-19 symptoms and associations with hospitalization status. p-values were calculated using Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test (for comparisons with fewer than 5 expected observations). Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
| COVID-19 Symptoms | Inpatient (n = 54) |
Outpatient (n = 912) |
Total (n = 966) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shortness of breath | ||||
| Yes | 42 (77.8%) | 328 (36.0%) | 370 (38.3%) | <0.001 |
| No | 2 (3.7%) | 510 (55.9%) | 512 (53.0%) | |
| Unknown | 10 (18.5%) | 74 (8.1%) | 84 (8.7%) | |
| Fever | ||||
| Yes | 39 (72.2%) | 512 (56.1%) | 551 (57.0%) | <0.001 |
| No | 4 (7.4%) | 363 (39.8%) | 367 (38.0%) | |
| Unknown | 11 (20.4%) | 37 (4.1%) | 48 (5.0%) | |
| Fatigue | ||||
| Yes | 39 (72.2%) | 734 (80.5%) | 773 (80.0%) | 0.135 |
| No | 3 (5.6%) | 136 (14.9%) | 139 (14.4%) | |
| Unknown | 12 (22.2%) | 42 (4.6%) | 54 (5.6%) | |
| Muscle aches | ||||
| Yes | 30 (55.6%) | 585 (64.1%) | 615 (63.7%) | 0.644 |
| No | 12 (22.2%) | 275 (30.2%) | 287 (29.7%) | |
| Unknown | 12 (22.2%) | 52 (5.7%) | 64 (6.6%) | |
| Non-productive cough | ||||
| Yes | 28 (51.9%) | 493 (54.1%) | 521 (53.9%) | 0.132 |
| No | 12 (22.2%) | 357 (39.1%) | 369 (38.2%) | |
| Unknown | 14 (25.9%) | 62 (6.8%) | 76 (7.9%) | |
| Headache | ||||
| Yes | 28 (51.9%) | 598 (65.6%) | 626 (64.8%) | 0.644 |
| No | 10 (18.5%) | 254 (27.9%) | 264 (27.3%) | |
| Unknown | 16 (29.6%) | 60 (6.6%) | 76 (7.9%) | |
| Joint pain | ||||
| Yes | 23 (42.6%) | 397 (43.5%) | 420 (43.5%) | 0.208 |
| No | 17 (31.5%) | 442 (48.5%) | 459 (47.5%) | |
| Unknown | 14 (25.9%) | 73 (8.0%) | 87 (9.0%) | |
| Sore throat | ||||
| Yes | 22 (40.7%) | 483 (53.0%) | 505 (52.3%) | 0.702 |
| No | 19 (35.2%) | 369 (40.5%) | 388 (40.2%) | |
| Unknown | 13 (24.1%) | 60 (6.6%) | 73 (7.6%) | |
| Productive cough | ||||
| Yes | 20 (37.0%) | 315 (34.5%) | 335 (34.7%) | 0.207 |
| No | 22 (40.7%) | 516 (56.6%) | 538 (55.7%) | |
| Unknown | 12 (22.2%) | 81 (8.9%) | 93 (9.6%) | |
| Runny nose/nasal congestion | ||||
| Yes | 20 (37.0%) | 546 (59.9%) | 566 (58.6%) | 0.033 |
| No | 22 (40.7%) | 309 (33.9%) | 331 (34.3%) | |
| Unknown | 12 (22.2%) | 57 (6.3%) | 69 (7.1%) | |
| Chest pain | ||||
| Yes | 20 (37.0%) | 239 (26.2%) | 259 (26.8%) | 0.004 |
| No | 20 (37.0%) | 590 (64.7%) | 610 (63.1%) | |
| Unknown | 14 (25.9%) | 83 (9.1%) | 97 (10.0%) | |
| Wheezing | ||||
| Yes | 15 (27.8%) | 140 (15.4%) | 155 (16.0%) | <0.001 |
| No | 23 (42.6%) | 688 (75.4%) | 711 (73.6%) | |
| Unknown | 16 (29.6%) | 84 (9.2%) | 100 (10.4%) | |
| Loss of taste | ||||
| Yes | 16 (29.6%) | 440 (48.2%) | 456 (47.2%) | 0.142 |
| No | 24 (44.4%) | 408 (44.7%) | 432 (44.7%) | |
| Unknown | 14 (25.9%) | 64 (7.0%) | 78 (8.1%) | |
| Altered consciousness/confusion | ||||
| Yes | 14 (25.9%) | 141 (15.5%) | 155 (16.0%) | 0.001 |
| No | 23 (42.6%) | 691 (75.8%) | 714 (73.9%) | |
| Unknown | 17 (31.5%) | 80 (8.8%) | 97 (10.0%) | |
| Diarrhea | ||||
| Yes | 15 (27.8%) | 260 (28.5%) | 275 (28.5%) | 0.397 |
| No | 25 (46.3%) | 575 (63.0%) | 600 (62.1%) | |
| Unknown | 14 (25.9%) | 77 (8.4%) | 91 (9.4%) | |
| Abdominal pain | ||||
| Yes | 12 (22.2%) | 132 (14.5%) | 144 (14.9%) | 0.015 |
| No | 27 (50.0%) | 698 (76.5%) | 725 (75.1%) | |
| Unknown | 15 (27.8%) | 82 (9.0%) | 97 (10.0%) | |
| Loss of smell | ||||
| Yes | 12 (22.2%) | 485 (53.2%) | 497 (51.4%) | 0.001 |
| No | 28 (51.9%) | 369 (40.5%) | 397 (41.1%) | |
| Unknown | 14 (25.9%) | 58 (6.4%) | 72 (7.5%) | |
| Vomiting/nausea | ||||
| Yes | 11 (20.4%) | 134 (14.7%) | 145 (15.0%) | 0.047 |
| No | 28 (51.9%) | 699 (76.6%) | 727 (75.3%) | |
| Unknown | 15 (27.8%) | 79 (8.7%) | 94 (9.7%) | |
| Skin rash | ||||
| Yes | 5 (9.3%) | 68 (7.5%) | 73 (7.6%) | 0.369 |
| No | 34 (63.0%) | 754 (82.7%) | 788 (81.6%) | |
| Unknown | 15 (27.8%) | 90 (9.9%) | 105 (10.9%) | |
| Cough (with hemoptysis) | ||||
| Yes | 2 (3.7%) | 19 (2.1%) | 21 (2.2%) | 0.245 |
| No | 36 (66.7%) | 782 (85.7%) | 818 (84.7%) | |
| Unknown | 16 (29.6%) | 111 (12.2%) | 127 (13.1%) | |
| Ear pain | ||||
| Yes | 1 (1.9%) | 96 (10.5%) | 97 (10.0%) | 0.112 |
| No | 37 (68.5%) | 731 (80.2%) | 768 (79.5%) | |
| Unknown | 16 (29.6%) | 85 (9.3%) | 101 (10.5%) | |
| Seizures | ||||
| Yes | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (0.3%) | 4 (0.4%) | 0.162 |
| No | 36 (66.7%) | 819 (89.8%) | 855 (88.5%) | |
| Unknown | 17 (31.5%) | 90 (9.9%) | 107 (11.1%) | |
| Conjunctivitis | ||||
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 28 (3.1%) | 28 (2.9%) | 0.630 |
| No | 38 (70.4%) | 793 (87.0%) | 831 (86.0%) | |
| Unknown | 16 (29.6%) | 91 (10.0%) | 107 (11.1%) |