Table 3.
Summary of AD-like pathology parameters affected by age, HFD and APP/PS1 genotype.
| Brain Region | 3 Months | 6 Months | 10 Months | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APP/PS1 vs. WT on HFD | HFD vs. STD |
APP/PS1 vs. WT on HFD | Age 6 M vs. 3 M on HFD |
HFD vs. STD |
APP/PS1 vs. WT on HFD | Age 10 M vs. 6 M HFD |
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| Aβ plaques | Hippocampus | ↑ # | - | - | ↑ ### | - | - | - | - | ↑ ### | - | ↑ xxx |
| Cortex | ↑ ## | - | - | ↑ ## | - | ↑ xxx | - | ↑ * | ↑ ### | - | ↑ xxx | |
| Microgliosis (Iba1) | Hippocampus | - | - | - | ↑ ## | - | - | - | ↑ * | ↑ ### | - | - |
| Cortex | - | - | - | ↑ ## | - | - | - | ↑ * | ↑ ### | - | - | |
| Astrocytosis (GFAP) | Hippocampus | - | - | - | ↑ #### | - | ↑ xx | - | - | ↑ ## | - | ↑ x |
| Cortex | - | - | - | ↑ ## | - | ↑ xxxx | - | - | ↑ ## | - | ↑ xx | |
| Total Tau (9H12) | Hippocampus (CA1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| p-Tau (Ser202, Thr205) (AT8) | Hippocampus | - | - | ↑ * | ↑ #### | - | - | - | - | ↑ ### | - | - |
| Cortex | - | - | ↑ ** | ↑ #### | - | - | - | - | ↑ ### | - | - | |
| Insulin receptor β | Hippocampus | - | - | - | - | ↑ xx | - | - | ↓ **** | ↓ ## | - | ↓ xxx |
| PI3K | Hippocampus | ↑ ## | - | - | - | - | - | - | ↓ * | - | - | - |
| p-Akt (Ser473) | Hippocampus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ↓ xx |
| Neuronal density (NeuN) | Hippocampus | - | - | - | ↑ ## | ↓ x | ↓ x | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cortex | - | - | - | - | - | ↓ xx | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Neurogenesis (DCX) | Hippocampus (DG) | - | - | - | - | ↓ xxx | ↓ xxxx | - | - | - | - | - |
| Neurogenesis (Tau 3R) | Hippocampus (DG) | - | - | - | - | ↓ xxxx | ↓ xxxx | - | - | - | - | - |
| Synaptophysin | Hippocampus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ↓ # | - | - |
| Spinophilin | Hippocampus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Statistical analysis was made via one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni test, (n = 5–8 mice per group). The significance of changes induced by diet: *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ****: p < 0.0001, by age: x: p < 0.05, xx: p < 0.01, xxx: p < 0.001, xxxx: p < 0.0001, by genotype: #: p < 0.05, ##: p < 0.01, ###: p < 0.001, ####: p < 0.0001. Difference between the WT mice on HFD and STD signified by blue color, difference between the APP/PS1 mice on HFD and STD signified by red color. ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; HFD: high-fat diet; STD: standard diet; CA1: cornu ammonis; DG: dentate gyrus.