Index

A

• AAV. See Adeno-associated viral

• Academic clinical health system, 93

• Academic Health Centers, initiatives for success, 96t

• Academic Health System (AHS), 95, 97

• Academic Medical Center (AMC), 93, 95–97, 127, 137

• ACCA. See American Clinical and Climatological Association

• Accelerated atherosclerotic vascular disease, 71t

• Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), 128

• Accrual to Clinical Trials platform, 67

• Acne, 71t

• Acute coronary syndrome, 47

• Acute kidney injury (AKI), 234, 237, 238, 242, 245

• Acute lung injury/ARDS, 234

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 162, 163, 172, 237, 242

• Acute respiratory failure, 171–173, 176

• Adeno-associated viral (AAV), 7, 211, 204, 214, 216–218, 226, 231, 232

  • AAV2, 221
  • in liver, clinical trial, 213t
  • variants, 215
  • vector (AAV), 206–207t, 209–212, 219

• Adenosine deaminase (ADA), 205, 206–207t

• Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 30

• Adenoviral vectors, 115

• Adenovirus, 7

  • encoded FixR, 144f

• ADI. See Area Deprivation Index

• A-domain, 39

• Adults, 206–207t

• Advanced analytics, complexity theory, and clinical heterogeneity, 56–68

• “Advancing the Academic Health System for the Future,” 94–95

• Aequanimitas, ci

• Aerobiology, 197

• Affective component, 169

• Afferent signals, 168f

• Affordable Care Act, 13, 23

• African Americans, 155, 248, 252–256, 260

  • and cancer, 149
  • and kidney function, 247
  • children, and asthma, 182
  • COVID mortality, 18
  • dying of asthma, 190
  • hospital admissions, 15
  • men, 121, 122f
  • patients, 11, 249
  • population/population growth, 12, 18
  • survival rate, 14
  • women, 274

• “Agamemnon's Fate and the Medical Profession,” ci

• Agarwal, Anupam, 257

• Age, 253, 254, 255

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 127

• Agonistic ligand, 234

• Agonists, 47

• AHRQ, 128

• AHS. See Academic Health System

• AIDS, lxxxvii, 7, 8, 12, 115

  • vaccine, 110
  • See also HIV

• Air force, xciii

• Air hunger, 164, 165t, 167, 168f, 169, 173, 174t

• Airflow, 188

• Airwave Health Monitoring Study, 60, 61, 62f, 63, 65

• Airway resistance, 171

• AKI. See Acute kidney injury

• Alan Gregg Memorial Lecture, 136

• Albert Einstein College of Medicine, cx

• Alendronate, 74, 75

• Alexander Fleming Award, lxxxviii

• Allen, Susan, 193

• Allergic diseases, 182, 186

• Allergic phenotypes, 182

• Allergic responses, 187, 189

• Allergic rhinitis, 181

• αIIbβ3 inhibitors, 47

• α-klotho, 269

• αvβ3 ectodomain, 42, 44, 45, 46f

  • ligand-induced movements, 44f
  • ligation, 43
  • structure and its ligand binding site, 42f

• Alter, Harvey, 6

• Altered mineral homeostasis and FGF23 in kidney disease and following intravenous iron, 262–273

• Altschuler, Steven, 219

• Alzheimer's disease, 24

• AMA, 200

• AMC. See Academic Medical Center

• America's Essential Hospitals, 13, 20

• American Academy of Arts and Sciences, xciv

• American Association for the Advancement of Science, cxvi, cxx

• American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC), 128

  • Outstanding Community Service Award, cvi

• American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), cxii, 128, 131

• American Cancer Society Facts and Figures 2023, 150

• American Clinical and Climatological Association (ACCA), xcii, cv, cx, cxvii, cxix, 1, 5, 99, 157, 159, 190, 193, 198, 200, 204, 243, 246, 247, 257

• American College of Physicians, cx, cxiii

  • Edwards Prize, 22

• American College of Rheumatology, 75

• American Heart Association, cxv, cxvi, cxx, 48, 146

• American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 170f

• American Medical Association's Lifetime Achievement Award in Infectious Diseases, lxxxviii

• American Society for Virology, xciv

• American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 150

• American Society of Nephrology (ASN), cvii, 252

• American Thoracic Society (ATS), 162, 170f

• Americares, xcix

• Amino acids, 144

• Amsterdam Molecular Therapeutics, 206–207t, 208

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cxxi

• Amzel, L. Mario, PhD, 146

• A.N. Richards Distinguished Achievement Award for Nephrology, cxv

• Anaerobe Society, lxxxviii

• Anaerobic infections, lxxxvii

• Anderson, 3

• Anemia, iron deficiency, 266

• Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), 234, 236–241, 243

  • superagonist nanoparticle, 241
• Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), 234, 236–240, 242, 243

  • research priorities, 242–243
• Angiopoietin-Tie2 system and life-threatening infections, 234–246

  • axis, 238
  • potential applications to patient care, 242

• Ang-1 and Ang-2, biomarkers in infectious diseases, 237t

• Ang-1/2: Clinically informative prognostic biomarkers for systemic infectious diseases of public health importance, 236

• Ang-1/2: Utility for therapeutic decision making in critically ill patients—potential “theranostic” precision medicine in ICU, 240

• Ang-1/2-Tie-2 axis, 236

  • therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes in life-threatening diseases, 240

• Anguela, Xavier, 226

• Annals of Internal Medicine, 249

• Annual Review of Medicine, xcv, xcvi

• Annualized bleeding rate (ABR), 217

• Antagonists, 48

• Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), 2

• Antibiotic Availability Task Force, lxxxvii

• Anti-FGF23, 264, 265, 267

• Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents, guidelines, lxxxvii

• Anti-αIIbβ3 agents, 47

• Anxiety, 163, 167, 170, 172

• Aortic bodies, 167

• apo-CaM, 140, 145

• ARDS. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome

• Area Deprivation Index (ADI), 19

• Argentinian hemorrhagic fever, 118

• Arginine, 42f

• Arizona State (psychiatric) Hospital, 200

• Army, cxix, 159, 200

• Arnaout, M. Amin, MD, 34

• Arrhythmias, 137, 138, 145, 146

• Arruda, Valder, 215, 227

• Arteriviridae, 112f

• Artificial intelligence, 104, 111

• ASCI Presidential Address, 88

• Asklepios Biopharmaceuticals, 227

• Aspartate, 42f

• Aspirnaut program, 88, 91

• ASR (age, sex, race), 255

• Association for Academic Minority Physicians, cx

• Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), cxii, 94

• Association of Professors of Medicine, cxvii

• Asthma, 70, 163, 166, 181–192

  • dying of, 190
  • lower rates of, 182

• Atherosclerosis, 71

• Atopic disease, 181

• Atopic risk of asthma, maternal and environmental factors influence, 181–192

• Atrial fibrillation, 137

• ATS. See American Thoracic Society

• Autism, 136

• Autoimmunity, 46

• Auwaerter, Paul G., xc

• Avexis, 206–207t

B

• Babior, Bernie, 35, 36

• Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), 2

• Bacteria associated with clinical phenotype, 185–186

• Bacterial meningitis, 159

• Bacterial sepsis, 34

• Bacteriophage, 3–5

• Bacteroidetes, 188

• Baker, 19

• Baltimore Municipal Hospital for Tuberculosis, 99

• Bang, 3

• Banting, 116

• Banzett, 167, 169

• Baric, Ralph, 109

• Barouch, Dan, 115

• Barron, Richard, 131

• Bartlett, John Gill, MD, memorial, lxxxvi–xc, 7

• Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infections, lxxxviii

• Basic Science Council, cxx

• Bayer AG, 227

• Baylor College of Medicine, 193

• Beijerinck, Martinus, 2, 3

• Bellevue Hospital, 11

• Ben-Johny, Manu, PhD, 146

• Bennet, Jean, 219, 220, 221, 227

• Benzodiazepines, 175

• Berns, Ken, 7

• Bert and Peggy DuPont Lecture: Tuberculosis and the Building of the American West, 193–199

  • lectures, 195
  • speakers, 194–195

• Best, 116

• Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 225

• Best Doctors in America, cxvi

• β2 integrin, 34, 45

• βA domain, 43, 44, 45f, 48

• βTD, 41, 42f, 44, 45

• Bhomfalk Teaching Award, xcix

• Billings, Frederic III, MD, cxxi

• BioGRID database, 26

• Bioinformatic analysis of urine metabolomics indicates reduced mitochondrial function, 25–26

• Biological antiarrhythmics, sodium channel interacting proteins, 136–148

• Biomarin, 206–207t

• Biomarkers, 57

• Biomedical research infrastructure, 119

• Biomedical science, 81

• BioNTech, 116

• Biotech sector, 86

• Bioterrorism, cvii

• Bisphosphonates, 74, 76

• Black. See African American

• Black Death (bubonic plague), 1

• Blalock, Alfred, 157

• Blanchard, Melvin, MD, 119

• Bleeding rate, 219

• “Blood and Vascular Systems Response to Sepsis,” 235

• Blood-brain-barrier (BBB), 234, 240, 245

• Blood-retina barrier, 220f

• bluebirdbio, 206–207t

• Blumberg, Baruch, 6

• Bohr, Niels, 67, 92

• Bone density, 73, 74

• Bone formation, 74, 75

• Bone health, 69, 73, 76

• Bone marrow, 263

  • transplantation (BMT), 36, 206–207t

• Bone mineral density (BMD), 74, 75

• Bone morphogenic protein (BMP), 73f

• Bordley, Donald, cxii

• Borg scale, 169

  • born to or learned when young, 181–192
  • lower proteobacteria exposure, 186f

• Born to wheeze or learned when we were young: Maternal and environmental factors influence atopic risk, 181–192

• Boston Children's Hospital, 34

• Boyd, Cynthia, MD, MBA, 11

• Breathing, 163, 165, 166, 170, 174t

  • strategies to reduce discomfort, 174t
  • rate, 171, 174

• Breathlessness, 169

• Brigham, Kenneth L., cxix

• Brigham and Women's Hospital, lxxxviii

• Bristol Award, 159

• Bronchoconstriction, 166

• Bronchospasm, 168f

• Brown Institute, London, 3

• Brucellosis, 159

• Brugada Syndrome (BrS), 138

• Bruising, 71t

• Bubonic plague (Black Death), 1

• Buckalew, Endowed Chair, xcii

• Buckalew, Vardaman Moore Jr., MD, memorial, xci–xcii

• Bureau, 175

• Burkitt's lymphonas, 6

• Burwell, C. Sidney, cxix

C

• C. Thorpe Ray Outstanding Faculty Teacher Award, cxv

• Ca²⁺-dependent inactivation (CDI), 136

• Ca²⁺-free CaM (apo-CaM), 136

• Caen, 37

• Calciotrophic hormones, cxvi

• Calcitriol, 263, 272

• Calcium, 75

• Calcium/CaM Regulation of Na channels, 138–140

• Calcium-dependent inactivation (CDI), 139

• Calf1 and Calf2, 41, 42f

• Calmodulin (CaM), 136–139, 141, 145, 148

  • and isoform-specific dynamic Ca²⁺ regulation of Na_V channels, 139f
  • binding, 139, 140, 141f

• CAM. See Convex Analysis of Mixtures

• Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), 243

• Cancer, 1, 3, 6, 24, 25, 29, 46, 149, 274, 275, 278

  • diverse participation in clinical trials, 149–156
  • mortality, 149, 150
  • survivors, 149
  • vaccines, 116

• Cancer Genome Atlas, The (TCGA), 276, 281

• Cancer Moonshot, 150

• Cancer Therapy and Research Center, 152

• Cap genes (viral capsid), 211

• Capsid, 212f, 221, 231

• CAR T-cell-associated neurotoxicity, 234

• Car T cell mediated cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, 241

• Carboxyl termini (CT), 136

• Carcinoma, endometrial, genetics and hormones, 274–282

• Cardiac arrhythmias, 136

• Cardiac myocytes, 268

• Cardiohyperparathyroidism, 262

• Cardiology, cxii

  • reaffirming core values of, 93–98

• Cardiomyopathy, 137, 143, 145

• Cardiopulmonary disease, 163, 167

• Care of the Consumptive, The, 197

• CARES. See Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security

• Carethers, John, 190, 243

• Carolina Way: Leadership Lessons from a Life in Coaching, The, 87

• Carotid bodies, 167

• Carpenter, Charles C.J., cv, cvi

• Case Western Reserve, cv

• Caskey, C. Thomas, xcvi

• Cataracts, 71t, 72

• Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), 124f

• Caucasian. See White

• CBMCs, 189

• CD11a, 34, 36, 39, 46

• CD11b, 36, 38, 39, 40f, 44, 47

• CD11bA domain, 43, 39

• CD11c, 38

• CD18, 34, 35, 36, 42

• CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

• Cecal ligation, 245

  • and puncture (CLP), 245

• Cell adhesion protein family emergence, 37–38

• Cell therapies, 204

• Cells, endothelial. See Endothelial cells

• Cells, T. See T cells

• Cellular glucose toxicity, suppression of mitochondrial respiration, 24–33

• Center for Civilian Biodefense, lxxxvii

• Center for Healthcare Quality and Payment Reform, 19

• Center for Infectious Diseases, 193

• Center for the Improvement of Mentored Experiences in Research (CIMER), 89

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 12, 86, 193

• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), 19, 94, 123

• Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs), 123, 124, 125f

• Central nervous system, 166

• Central Texas Veteran's Health Care System, cxvi

• Cerebral malaria, 234, 238, 240, 245

• Chaisson, Richard, lxxxviii

• Chakouri, Nourdine, PhD, 146

• Chamberland, Charles, 2

• Chamberland filter, 2

• Chang, Yi-Shin, 190

• Channel phosphorylation, 145

• Charity Hospital, 12

• Chassare, John, 130

• Chemoreceptors, 167

• Chest tightness, 165t, 168f

• CHF. See Congestive heart failure (CHF)

• Chikungunya, 105

• Children, 181–187, 205–207t, 220, 221, 223f, 239, 240

  • and malaria, 238

• Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), 204–205, 215, 219

• Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, cvi

• Cholera, 1, 12, 159

• Choppin, Purnell W., memorial, xciii–xciv

• Christian, Charles, 7

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD), 245, 252, 253, 256, 262–266f, 267, 269, 270, 272

  • EPI creatinine equation, 250–251t
  • EPI cystatin C equation, 250–251t
  • Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, 248, 249, 253, 254
  • SCr-based race-free equation, 255, 256

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 70

• Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, 253

• Cigarroa, Joaquin E., MD, 93

• Cilengitide, 42

• CKD. See Chronic kidney disease

• CLABSI. See Central line associated blood stream infections

• Clair, Walter, 91

• Climate, 197, 198

• Climatology, 1, 5

• Clinical Approach to the Patient, The, cxii

• Clinical heterogeneity, 56

• Clinical heterogeneity in the age of big data, advanced analytics, and complexity theory, 56–68

  • materials and methods, 60–61
  • results, 61–62

• “Clinical Reasoning” series in New England Journal of Medicine, ci

• Clinical trials

  • AAV in liver, 213t
  • adopting strategies to facilitate, 152
  • cancer, 149, 150
  • improving diverse participation, 149–156
  • increasing complexity of accrual, 150–151
  • participation/barriers to, 151, 153
  • teams and sponsors, 151

• Clinicians, master, 57

• Clinton, Bill, 104

• Clone, 35

• Close loop ventilation, 175

• Closing the gap between medical knowledge and patient outcomes through new training infrastructure, 119–135

• Clostridium difficile toxin, lxxxvii

• Clotting factor, 217

• CMS. See Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

• CO₂, 180

• Coach/coaching, 81–82, 87–89

  • expanding the network of, 88–89

• Coagulopathy, 239

• COBRA (Combinatietherapie Bij Reumatoide Artritis) approach, 71

• Cockcroft-Gault equation, 260

• Cockroach extract (CR), 183 184, 189

• Coggins, Cecil (Pete) Hammond, MD, memorial, xcv–xcvi

• Colorado, 198

• Colorado Souvenir Book for the International Congress on Tuberculosis, The, 197

• Columbia University, 136, 146

• Common cold, 5

• Commonwealth Fund, 109

• Complexity theory, advanced analytics, and clinical heterogeneity, 56–68

• Compound E, 69

• Conduction system disease, 137

• Congestive heart failure (CHF), 122f, 123, 133, 233

  • fluid retention, 71t
  • management citations versus readmissions rate, 122f

• Conniff-Dixon Foundation, xcix

• Contagium Fluidium, 3

• Contract research organizations (CROs), 109

• Convalescent plasma, 118

• Convex Analysis of Mixtures (CAM), 61, 62f, 63, 64

• Copy-number high tumors, 276

• Corbett, Kizzmekia, 109

• Cord blood (CB), 183, 185, 188

  • lymphocytes, 185
  • serum, 184

• Core processes, 119

• Core values of academic cardiology, 93–98

• Cornell, 219

• Coronary artery disease (CAD), 137

• Coronary heart disease, 63

• Coronaviridae, 108

• Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, 18

• Coronavirus Prevention Network (CoVPM), 109

• Coronaviruses, 106, 107

• Corticosteroids, 214, 215, 217, 218

• Cote-Rumsey, Darcie, 131

• Council on General Internal Medicine, cxii

• Couto, Linda B., 227

• COVID Data Mart, 14

• COVID-19, cix, 8, 11–23, 115–118, 121, 137, 163, 196, 234, 237t, 239–240, 249

  • admissions, 16f, 17f
  • Gordon Wilson Lecture, 103–118
  • mortality rate, 13, 14, 18
  • outbreak and response, 108–110
  • patient outcomes, 18
  • survival percentage, 15f, 17f
  • vaccine development and the future of vaccinology, 103–118
• COVID-19 pandemic impact on public hospitals in the United States, 11–23

  • conclusions, 18–20
  • methodology, 14
  • results, 14–18

• Cox proportional hazards models, 185

• Crabtree and Warburg, cellular physiology to glucose toxicity, 29–30

• Crabtree effect, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32

• Creger, William P., xcvi

• CRIC study, 254, 257

• CRISPR Therapeutics, 227

• Criswell, 70

• Cryo-electron microscopy (EM), 107

• Crystal, Ron, 7

• Crystallography, 103

• CSL Behring, 206–207t

• CT, 13, 138, 145

• “Curiosity,” 179

• CVS, 154

• CYP24A1, 264, 265, 267

• CYP27B1, 264, 265

• Cystatin, 256, 260

• Cystic fibrosis, 231

• Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, 241

• Cytolytic T cell (CTL), 35, 36

• Cytoscape, 25, 26, 28f

D

• Daland, Judson, 4

• Dale, David, 243

• Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 35, 39

• Dartmouth College, lxxxviii

• Data and Safety Monitoring Committee, 109

• Davidoff Society, cx

• Degeneracy, 59

• del Rio, Carlos, 8

• Delgado, Cynthia, 253

• Demoule, 172

• Dengue, 196, 234

• Denison, Charles, 198

• Denison, Mark, 109

• Denosumab, 75, 76

• Department of Defense (DoD), 109, 159

• Department of Health and Human Services, (HHS), 18

  • Guidelines for Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents, lxxxvii

• Desert Sanatorium, 200

• deShazo, Richard D., MD, cxvii

• Development of therapeutic Tie2 superagonist nanoparticles for pathogen-agnostic treatments of life-threatening infections, 241–242

• DHE. See Dihydroethidium

• d’Herelle, Felix, 3

• Diabetes, 24, 32, 63, 71t, 121, 126, 274

  • complications, 25
  • patients, 28f
  • reactive oxygen species, and superoxide, 27

• Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), 26, 27, 29, 30

• Diabetic retinopathy, 24

• Dick, Ivy E., PhD, 146

• Dihydroethidium (DHE), 25, 26, 27f

  • reduction of superoxide in diabetic kidneys, 26
  • superoxide measurement in mice, 25

• Disease prevention, vaccine approaches to, 111

• Diseases, infectious. See Infectious diseases

• DiSilvestre, Deborah, 146

• Disordered mineral homeostasis and FGF23 in CKD, 264–265

• Disproportionate Share Hospital (DSH), 12, 13, 14, 18, 19

  • payment model, 19

• Dissemination and implementation (D&I), 129

• Diuretics, cxvi

• Divalent cation, 38, 40

• Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 235

• DKD. See Diabetic kidney disease

• DNA, 6, 7, 29, 185, 188, 208–211, 221

  • mismatch repair system, 276

• Dobihal Lecture, xcix

• Dochez, Alphonse, 5

• Dogs, 214, 219, 220, 221

• Donaldson, Frank, 4

• Downstate Medical Center, cix

• Drive to breathe, 167, 168f, 169, 172, 173

• DSH. See Disproportionate Share Hospital

• DuBose, Tom, MD, xcii

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 231

• Duffy, Thomas Patrick, MD, memorial, xcvii–ciii

• Duffy Service, xcvii

• Duke, cxix

• Dunn, Michael (Mike) J., MD, MACP, memorial, civ–cviii

• Dunn, Patricia Eileen O’Reilly, cv, cvii, cviii, civ

• DuPont Lecture: Tuberculosis and the Building of the American West, 196–199

• DuPont, Herbert (Bert) L., 193

• DuPont, Margaret (Peggy) W., 193

• Dyspnea 12, 162–175, 180

  • affective elements, 170f
  • and mechanical ventilation: applying physiology to guide therapy, 162–180
  • and ventilators, potential for harm, 171–173
  • assessing, direct approach, 169–170
  • assessing, indirect approach, 171
  • exercise-induced, 165
  • interventions for ventilator-induced, 174–176
  • mechanical underpinnings, 164
  • mechanism, of, 168f
  • physiological pathways and associated sensations, 165t
  • psychological harm, 172
  • ventilator dyssynchrony associated with, 174t

• Dysregulation of the angiopoietin-Tie2 system in the pathogenesis of life-threatening infections, 234–246

• Dysregulation of the Ang-Tie2 system in life-threatening infectious diseases, 242

E

• E. coli, 239

• Ebanga^®, 118

• Ebola, 7, 105, 115, 118, 196

• Echocardiography, 268

• Eckley B. Coxe Memorial Award, cxiv

• Economic and Social Research Council, 65

• Eczema, 181

• “Edward L. Trudeau: Pioneer Climatologist,” 159

• Efferent-afferent dissociation, 167

• Efferent signals, 168f

• eGFR. See Estimated glomerular filtration rate

• Einstein, Albert, 190f

• Einstein's theory of general relativity, 60

• Electroencephalography (EEG), 174

• Electrolyte balance, cxvi

• Electron microscopy, 103

• Electronic health record (EHR), 66, 67

• Electronic Medical Record (EMR), 133

• eLife, 85

• Eliminating the race coefficient in kidney function estimating equations, 247–261

• Ellenson, Lora Hedrick, MD, 274

• Ellerman, 3

• Embryo, 275

• Emory University, xcii, 193

• Emphysema, 163

• Enders, John, 5

• Endocrinology, cxv

• End-of-life care, xcvii, xcix, 171

• End-of-life issues, ci, cii

• Endometrial carcinoma

  • genetic mouse models, 276–278
  • genetics and hormones in the development of, 278–279
  • interplay of genetics and hormones, 274–282
  • molecular genetics, 275–276

• Endometrial hyperplasia, 276

• Endometrium, 275

• End-organ dysfunction, 235, 236, 237, 239

• End-organ injury, 234, 242

• Endothelial activation/dysfunction, 234, 235, 245

• Endothelial cells, 234, 236

  • activation, 239
  • dysfunction, 242

• Endothelial integrity, 241

• Endotoxin and environmental exposure, 182

• End-stage kidney disease (ESKD), 268

• Eneanya, Nwamaka, 249

• Engel, George Libman, cxii

• Engle, Mary Allen, 157

• Enquist, Lynn, 3

• Environment, 181

  • and endotoxin exposure, 182

• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot), 214

• Epic COVID Registry, 14

• Epidemics, 196

• Epidemiology, 159

• Epigenetics, 58

• Epilepsy, 136

• Epithelial component, 275

• Epstein, Tony, 6

• Epstein-Barr virus, 6

• Equipoise, 232

• Ergoreceptors, 165

• Ertl, Hildegund, 227

• ERVEBO^® vaccine, 105

• Escherichia. coli O157:H7-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), 239

• Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 248, 252, 259, 260

• Estrogen, 275, 277, 278, 279

  • receptor (ER), 279
  • stimulation, 274

• Estrus cycle, 277

• Ethics, xcvii, c

• Ethics Committee at Yale New Haven Hospital, xcix

• Ethidium (E⁺), 25, 26, 27f

• Ethnicity, 14, 67, 151, 155, 248, 252

  • COVID-19 admissions, 16f, 17f
  • COVID-19 survival percentage, 15f

• Eucapnic hyperpnea, 170f

• European Medicines Agency (EMA), 206–207t, 208, 221–222

• Evaluation of Clinical Competence, cxii

• Exercise, 164

• Exercise-induced dyspnea, 165

• Exogenous hormones, 275

• Exotoxins, 239

F

• Factor IX (FIX), 211, 215, 216

  • Factor IX (F9) gene, 211

• False discovery role (FDR), 184

• Farinelli, Federica, PhD, 146

• Fatigue, 266

• FCM, 267

• FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 58, 86, 109, 153, 206–207t, 221, 232, 235, 242, 264, 267

• Fear, 163, 167, 170

• Federal Office of Rural Health Policy, 18

• Feldman, Arthur M., MD, PhD, cxvii

• Feldman, Harold, 257

• Fellowships at Auschwitz, xcix

• Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), 262, 266f, 273

  • and FGF23, 266–268

• Ferric derisomaltose, 267

• Ferumoxytol, 267

• FGF23. See Fibroblast growth factor

• FHFs. See Fibroblast growth factor homology factors

• Fibrinogen, 37, 46f

• Fibroblast adhesion and platelet receptors, 37

• Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), 262–264, 272

  • a new paradigm in CKD, 265–266
  • adverse clinical outcomes in CKD, 268–269
  • and altered mineral homeostasis in kidney disease and following intravenous iron, 262–273
  • and disordered mineral homeostasis in CKD, 264–265
  • mineral homeostasis with CKD, 266f
• Fibroblast growth factor homology factors (FHF), 137, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 148

  • as specific modulators of Na channel function, 140

• Fibronectin, 37

• Fibrosis, 46

• Fields Virology, 3

• Finegold, Sidney (Sid), lxxxvii

• Finlay, Carlos Juan, 3

• Finn, Patricia W., MD, 181

• First Presbyterian Church of Nashville, cxx

• Fischer, Alain, 205

• Fisher Z-transform, 187

• Fisher's exact test, 187f

• Fitzgerald, Faith, 179

• FIX, 214, 216, 217, 219

  • time course of, 216f

• FIX Padua, 215, 216, 217

• FixR, 144, 145, 146

• Flexner Report, c, ci

• Flexner, Abraham, 132

• Flexnerian model, cii

• Floyd, George, 249

• Food allergy, 181

• Founder's Medal of the Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, cxvi

• Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), 75

• Fractures, 71–75, 266, 267

• Framingham Heart Study, 57

• Framingham Risk Score, 57

• Francis Gilman Blake Award, xcix

• Francis, Thomas, 5

• Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 156

• Friedmann, Theodore, 205

• Froedtert Hospital, cvi

• Frosche, 3

• Fructose, 29

G

• Garbelli, Sandra, PhD, 146

• Gardiner, Charles Fox, 197

• Gas exchange, 171

• Gene editing, 37, 104, 204, 209, 232

• Gene expression, 188, 189

• Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE96783), 184

• Gene networks, 183, 184, 188, 189

• Gene ontology (GO), 184

• Gene sequencing, 104

• Gene synthesis, 104

• Gene therapy, 7, 204, 211, 218, 219, 226

  • for genetic disease, 204–207t, 208–233
  • lentiviral, 210

• Gene transfer, 205

• Genes

  • replication (rep genes), 212f
  • turning into medicines, development of gene therapy for genetic disease, 204–233

• Genetic disease, 206–207t, 208

• Genetic mouse models of endometrial carcinoma, 276–278

• Genetics and endometrial carcinoma, 274–282

• Genetics and hormones in the development of endometrial carcinoma, 278–279

• Geng, Elvin, MD, MPH, 11

• Genital tract, 274

• Genomics, 57, 58

• George J. Stuart Award for Outstanding Clinical Teacher, xcix

• George Thornton Award, xcix

• George, Lindsey, 226

• Gey, George, 5

• GFR. See Glomerular filtration rate

• GIOP. See Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

• Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, 37, 42

• Glaucoma, 71t

• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 248, 252–254, 256, 257, 266f

  • estimating equations, 249, 250–251t
  • estimated GFR (eGFR), 248
  • level, 255f

• Glomerulonephritis, 80

• Gloria P. Walsh Award for Teaching Excellence, cxv

• “Glory Days: What Price Glory?” ci

• Glucocorticoid adverse event (AE), time to development of, 72f

• Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), 69, 73, 74, 75, 76

  • barriers to evidence adoption, 76
  • clinical trials, 74–75
  • epidemiology and pathogenesis of, 73–76
  • national guidelines, 75–76
  • pathophysiology of, 73f
  • prevention and treatment of, 74
  • study, 75
• Glucocorticoids (steroids), 69

  • efficacy of, 70–71
  • future approaches, 76–77
  • general toxicity, 71t–73
  • in chronic disease, 69–80
  • mimetic agents, 77
  • therapy, 73f
• Glucose, 27, 29, 30, 33, 63

  • toxicity, 24, 29–30

• Glutamate, 43, 44, 45f

• Glybera^® alipogene tiparvovec, 206–207t, 208, 209t

• Glycemic control, poor, 126f

• Glycolysis, 29

• GME. See Graduate medical education

• Go, Alan, 257

• Gocke, David, 6

• Godofshy, Eliot, xc

• Gold, Diane, 190

• Goldberger, 3

• Goldmann visual fields, 221

• Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) laboratory, 105

• Good Mentoring: Fostering Excellent Practice in Higher Education, 92

• Goodman, Simon, 41

• Goodpasture, 4, 5

• Google Ventures, 227

• Gorbach, Shelley, lxxxvii, lxxxix

• Gordon Wilson Lecture, 6–8, 103–118

  • lectures, 5, 6, 100–102
  • Memorial Lecture, 99
  • Rapid COVID-19 Vaccine Development and the Future of Vaccinology, 103–118

• gpIIb-IIIa, 37

• G-proteins, 42, 46f

• “Grace,” cii

• Graduate medical education (GME), 119, 128, 129

• Grady Memorial Hospital, 11, 14, 15

• Graham, Barney S., MD, PhD, 8, 103

• GraphPad, 25

• Gravallese, Ellen, 190

• Gray, Hannah, xciv

• Graziano, Carl, 20

• Great Clinical Teacher Series, xcix

• Greater Baltimore Medical Center (GBMC) Healthcare, 128, 130, 131

• Griner, Paul, MD, cxii, cxiii

• Gross, Ludwig, 6

• Grotzinger, Josh, 20

• Grubbs, Vanessa, 256

H

• H1N1, 8, 105, 106

• H2N2, 8

• H3N2, 8

• H5N1 avian influenza, 105

• Haemophilus influenza, 4

• Harvard Medical School, xcvi, cxi

• Health care, 121, 125, 128

  • absence of system, 134
  • complexity in system, 125–127
  • delivery, 124, 125, 130
  • health care acquired conditions (HAC), 123, 124
  • recommendations, 129–130
  • reform, 94
  • system, 120, 129

• Health delivery systems, 129

• Health in Harmony, xcix

• Health outcomes, 121–124

• Health outcomes and medical knowledge, 120–125

  • closing gap between, 127–130
  • why gap between, 124–125

• Health Street, 154

• Health system, 96, 119

• Heart failure, 121, 137, 163, 268, 269

  • See also Congestive heart failure (CHF)

• HeLa, 5

• Hematology, xcviii

• Hematopoiesis, 59

• Hemgenix^® etranacogene dezaparvovec, 206–207t, 209t

• Hemodialysis, 268

• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), 234, 237t, 239

• Hemophilia and inherited retinal dystrophy, 218f

• Hemophilia B, 204, 211–220, 226, 230

• Hemophilic, mice and dogs, 211

• Hench, 69

• Henderson, D.A., lxxxvii

• Henry Ford Hospital, cxii

• Hepatitis, 6, 111

• Hepatocytes, 211

• Herceptin^® trastuzumab, 209t

• Herpes viruses, 7

• Herrington, David, MD, MHS, 56

• Herzog, Roland, 227

• Hess, 3

• HHS. See Department of Health and Human Services

• Higgins, 240

• High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 25

• High resolution imaging data, 58

• High, Katherine A., MD, 7, 8, 204

• Hillis, L. David, 157

• Hinsdale, Guy, 4

• Hippocratic Corpus, 57

• Hispanics

  • hospital admissions, 15
  • population growth, 18

• HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus

• Holliday, John (Doc), 198

• Homeostasis, 262, 263

• Hooker, Charles H., 92

• Hormones and endometrial carcinoma, 274–282

• Hospital funding, 19

• Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), 19

• Hospitals, 11, 20, 23

  • funded, 18

• House Ways and Means Committee, 249

• Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), xciv

• Howard Taylor Ricketts Award, xciv

• Howard, John Eager, 200

• Howley, Peter M., MD, 1

• HPLC. See High performance liquid chromatography

• HRRP. See Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program

• Hsu, Chi-Yuan, MD, MSc, 247

• HTLV-1, 6

• Hughes, James, 8

• Human diabetic complications and systems biology, 29

• Human gene therapy trials, 205

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lxxxvii, 1, 7, 12, 105, 111, 193, 196, 245

  • vaccine, 104, 105
  • Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), 109
  • See also AIDS

• Human iPSC cardiocyocytes, Na currents from, 143f

• Human monoclonal antibodies, 104

• Human papillomaviruses, 1

• Humanism, c

• Humanities, xcvii

• HUS. See Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

• Hynes, Richard, 37

• Hypercalcemia, 272

• Hypercapnia, 167, 170f

• Hyperglycemia, 25, 32, 126

• Hyperlipidemia, 121

• Hypermutated tumors, 276

• Hyperparathyroidism, 265, 267

• Hyperphosphatemia, 264, 265, 268

• Hyperplasia, 277, 278, 279

• Hypertension, xcii, cvii, cxvi, 71t, 121, 123f, 133

  • management citations versus control, 123f

• Hypophosphatemia, 262, 266f, 267, 269, 270, 272, 273

• Hypophosphatemic, 263

  • rickets-osteomalacia, 262

• Hypotension, 239

• Hypoventilation, 176, 180

• Hypoxemia, 167

• Hysterectomy, 275

I

• Ibandronate, 74

• ICU admissions, for COVID-19, 16f

• I-domain, 39

• IDSA, lxxxviii, lxxxix

• IHI model for improvement, 128

• IL-13, 195

• Immunodominant responses, 111

• Immunology, 159

• Immunomodulatory properties, 188

• Immunosuppression, 214

• Impatient Perspective Payments System, 14

• In vivo imaging with DHE demonstrates reduction of superoxide in diabetic kidneys, 26

• In vivo quantification of superoxide by DHE, 27

• I_Na-L, 137, 140, 141, 142, 145, 146

• Independent Components Analysis (ICA), 63

• “Infarct Artery Patency and Survival Following Myocardial Infarction,” 157

• Infection, 235

• Infectious disease, lxxxix, 1, 2, 6, 193

  • biomarkers for systemic, 236

• Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), lxxxvii, 159

• Inflammation, 234, 235, 236, 241

• Inflammatory bowel disease, 46, 70

• Influenza, xciii, xciv, 4, 8, 12, 111, 117

• Influenza bacillus, 4

• Inherited retinal dystrophy

  • and hemophilia, 218f
  • due to RPE65 mutations, 220–226

• Inhibition of persistent current by FHF1_A amino terminal fragments, 144f

• Injury, acute kidney. See Acute kidney injury

• Injury, acute lung. See Acute lung injury

• Injury, end-organ. See End-organ injury

• Inker, Lesley, 253, 254, 255, 256

• Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), 128, 131

• Institute for Protein Design, 241

• Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Disease, cxv

• Institute of Medicine, 19

• Insulin, 116, 126, 282

• Integrin ectodomain, 41

• Integrin structure, 38–46

  • integrin αA-domain, 38–41
  • large integrin ectodomain, 41–46
• Integrins, 38, 39, 42–45f, 46, 48

  • 3-D structures of, 34
  • as divalent cation-dependent signaling receptors, 34
  • bedside to bench to bedside story, 34–55

• Intellectual Ventures/Global Good, 243

• Intensive care and sepsis, 236–238

• Intention-to-treat (ITT), 223f, 224, 225

• International Center from Medical Research and Training, 159

• International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, 57

• Intracellular fibroblast growth factors, (iFGFs), 140

• Inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), 211

• Investigational New Drug applications, 208

• IQ motif, 139

• Iron deficiency, 273

  • anemia, 266

• Isoform-specific dynamic Ca²⁺ regulation of Na_V channels and CaM, 139f

• Isoforms of FHF, effect on persistent Na current through mutant NaV1.5 channels, 142f

• Isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) motif, 138

• ITT. See Intention-to-treat

• Ivanofsky, Dmitri, 2, 3

J

• Jackson Memorial Hospital, cxv

• Jacobi Hospital, cix

• Jacobs, Frances Wisebart, 198

• Jairo, 3

• Jane Desforges Distinguished Teacher Award, cxiii

• Jansen, Robert, MD, MBA, 11

• Japanese Ministry of Health, 159

• Jeremiah Metzger Lecture: Turning Genes into Medicines: Highlights and Hurdles in the Development of Gene Therapy for Genetic Disease, 7, 8, 200–233

  • lectures, 201–203

• John Doyne Hospital, cvi

• John J. Cochran Veterans Affairs Hospital, 130

• Johns Hopkins Society of Scholars, cvii

• Johns Hopkins University & School of Medicine, lxxxvi, lxxxvii, lxxxix, xcviii, cii, cv, 5, 7, 99, 131, 136, 146, 157, 200

  • Antibiotic Guide, lxxxviii
  • Hematology Division, xcviii
  • Osler Medical Service, xcvii, xcviii

• Johnson, Erica, 131

• Johnson & Johnson, 5, 109

• Jones, Camille, 248

• Jones, Rebecca T., PhD, 149

• Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 249, 259

• JSPS KAKENHI, 30

• JST OPERA, 30

• Jules B. Puschett, MD Research Endowment Fund, cxvi

• Junin virus, 118

K

• Kamholz, Stephan (Steve) L., memorial, cix–cx

• Kang, Po-Wei, 146

• Kaplan-Meier curves, 186f

• Kaushansky, 88

• Kelley, Bill, 7

• Kendall, 69

• Kidney, 262, 264, 265, 268

  • African Americans, 247
  • disease, 26, 28f, 245, 252, 272
  • estimating equations, eliminating the race coefficient, 247–261
  • failure, 253
  • FGF23 and altered mineral homeostasis in, 262–273
  • function, cvii, 249, 262, 265, 267, 269
  • output, 265
  • See also Chronic kidney disease

• Kilburg, Dick, 89

• Kimball, Harry, 7

• King, Talmadge E., 257

• Klebanoff, Seymour, 35

• Ko, Michelle, 13

• Koch, Robert (discovery of TB), 2, 4, 198

• Kudmerer, Ken, 20

• Kwong, Peter, 106

L

• La grippe, 4

• Labcorp, 256

• LAD I, 36, 37, 42

• Landsteiner, 3

• Lange, Richard A., MD, MBA, 93

• Large external transformation-sensitive (LETS), 37

• Lasker Award, 5

• Latent features and manifold learning in metabolomics data, 62f

• Latinos, 151, 153, 155, 156

  • and cancer, 149, 150
  • children, and asthma, 182

• L-domain, 39

• Leahy, 39

• LEAN, 128, 129, 130

• Learning to pivot: Developing talent and a championship team, 81–92

• Legand glutamate, 40f

• Lehigh University, cxiv

• Lentiviral gene therapy, 210

• Lentiviral vector (LV), 206–207t, 209

• Lentivirus, 232

• Leon Hess Professorship of Virology at Rockefeller University, xciii, xciv

• Leukocytes, 36

  • adhesion receptors, bedside discovery, 34–37
  • Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency I (LAD I), 35
  • Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Laboratory, 48

• Libmeldy^® aditarsagene autotemcel, 206–207t, 209t

• Liddington, Robert, 39

• Life expectancy, 12, 121, 132, 133, 134

  • by race, and NIH expenditures and publications, 122f

• Lifetime Achievement Award from the Anaerobe Society, lxxxviii

• Lifton, Richard, xciv

• Ligand, 39, 40, 45f, 46f, 47

  • binding, 41
  • Glu, 39
  • mimetic, 47
  • relay model, 45f

• Ligand-associated metal binding site (LIMBS), 43

• Ligand-induced conformational changes is a β3 integrin ectodomain, 46f

• Ligand-induced movements in the αA-lacking αvβ3, 44f

• Liganded and unliganded

  • states of the ligand-binding region, 45f
  • αA domain, structural comparisons, 40f
  • αvβ3 crystal structures, 43

• Liles, W. Conrad, MD, PhD, 234

• Lipid, 60

• Lipid nanoparticles, 232

• Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 185, 188

• Lipoprotein, 60

• Litonjua, Augusto, 190

• Liver, 32

• Loeffler, 3

• London Times, The, 4

• Long Island Jewish Hospitals, cix

• Long QT syndrome (LQTS), 137

• Longcope, Dr. Warfield T., 99

• Lorber, Bennet, lxxxix

• Louis Pasteur medal, 159

• Louisiana State University, xciii

• “Love, Death, and Commitment: Twenty-Three Years of HIV and Genocide Prevention in Africa,” 193

• Low molecular phenotype tumors, 276

• Lowenstein, 3

• LQTS, 138, 140, 141

• Ludmerer, Kenneth, 131

• Lumleian Lectures, 197

• Lung injury, 173

• Lung parenchyma, 167

• Luxturna^® voretigene neparvovec, 206–207t, 209t

• Lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), 35

• Lymphocyte integrins, 46

• Lynch syndrome, 282

M

• mAbs, 37, 38, 46

• Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), 73f

• Macrovascular disease, 24

• Magnetic resonance lipoprotein profiles, 61

• Maguire, Albert, 224f, 227

• Maimonides Medical Center, cix, cx

• Maintenance of certification (MOC), 128

• Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), 239

• Malaria, 105, 237t, 238, 240

  • and children, 238
  • See also Cerebral malaria

• Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 130

• Malignancies, 274

• Mammalian integrins, 38f

• Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), 30

• Manifold, 59, 63, 64, 67

• Manning, 173

• Manno, Catherine, 227

• Marburg, 105

• Marquette University, cv

• Mary Allen Engle Award, cx, 157

  • winners, 158

• Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund, 146

• Masking, 196

• Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), xcv, cxii, 48

• Mass-spec (MS), 60, 61

  • metabolomics data, 63

• Master clinicians, 57

• Master of the American College of Physicians (MACP), cvii

• Matte, Kedar, 131

• Maxwell Finland Award, lxxxviii

• Mayer, Adolf, 2

• Mayo Clinic, 69

• Mays Cancer Center (MCC), 152

• McGlynn, Elizabeth, 133

• McLellan, Jason, 106, 107

• McLellan lab, 108

• MCW Distinguished Service Award, cvii

• MDRD. See Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study

• Mechanical ventilation, 162, 163, 164, 172–176

  • and dyspnea: applying physiology to guide therapy, 162–180

• Mechanistic underpinnings of dyspnea, 164

• Medicaid, 11, 12, 13, 23

• Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital (DSH), 12

• Medical College of Wisconsin, cvi

• Medical knowledge accumulation, 120–121

• Medical knowledge and health outcomes, 120–125

  • closing gap between, 127–130
  • why gap between, 124–125

• Medical knowledge and patient outcomes through new training infrastructure, 119–135

• Medical Research Council (MRC), 65, 171

• Medical research dollars, 127

• Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), 84, 92

• “Medical Student and Care at the End of Life, The,” cii

• Medicare, 13, 23

• Medigen, 109

• Medulla, 167

• Mellitus, 121

• Memorial-Sloan Kettering, 282

• Mendelian randomization data, 269

• Menstrual cycle, 275

• Mentor/mentoring, cv, cvi, cvii, 85, 92

• Merck, 41

• MERS-CoV, 105, 107, 108

• Mesa, Ruben, MD, 149

• MESA. See Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

• Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy, 245

• Metabolic acidosis, 164

• Metabolic pathways, 26

• Metabolites, 28f, 58, 63, 64

• Metabolomics, 58, 64

• Metaboreceptors, 164, 165

• Metal-ion-dependent-adhesion-site (MIDAS), 39, 40

• MetBridge network, 26

• Meyer, Ben, 190f

• MI. See Myocardial infarction

• Mice, 25, 26, 35, 36, 38, 48, 109, 140, 141, 143, 148, 182, 260, 268, 274, 276–279

• Microbiology, 193

• Microbiome, 181, 182, 183

• Microbiota, 189

• MicroRNA data, 58

• Microvascular disease, 24

• Microvascular endothelial activation/dysfunction, 234

  • and dysregulation of the angiopoietin-Tie2 system in the pathogenesis of life-threatening infections, 234–246

• Microvascular endothelial integrity, 234

• Microvascular leak, 234, 235, 241

• MIDAS, 41, 43, 45f, 47, 48

• Midbrain, 167

• Middle Tennessee Heart Association, cxx

• Miller Lecture, c, cii

• Mingozzi, Federico, 227

• Minority accrual plans (MAP), 152

• Misinformation, 115, 116

• Missouri Hospital Association, 11, 14, 17, 20

• Mitochondria, 26, 27, 28f, 29, 32

• Mitochondrial function/dysfunction, 26, 27, 28f, 29

• Mitochondrial respiration, 24–33

• MITT. See Modified intention-to-treat

• Moderna, 108, 109, 116

  • collaboration with Zika outbreak, 107–108
• Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD), 248, 249

  • equation, 250–251t, 253

• Modified intention-to-treat (MITT), 223f, 224f

• MODS. See Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

• Moieties, 26, 27f

• Molecular genetics of endometrial carcinoma, 275–276

• Monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology, 35

• Monroe Harding Children's Home, cxx

• Montefiore Medical Center, cix

• Morbidity, 121, 126, 234, 235, 238, 240, 274

• Morehouse School of Medicine, 116

• Morgan State University, 104–105

• Morgan, Hugh J., cxix

• Morgan, William (Bill) L. Jr., memorial, cxi–cxiii

• Morris, Glenn, 2

• Mortality, 24, 121, 126, 133, 181, 234, 235, 237, 238, 240, 268, 274, 275

• Motorola, 128

• mRNA, 104, 109, 111, 115, 116

  • vaccine, 108, 117

• MS. See Mass-spec

• MSTP. See Medical Scientist Training Program

• Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP), 170

• Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 60, 61, 62f, 63, 64, 67

• Multi-luminance mobility test (MLMT), 222f, 223, 225t

  • efficacy endpoints of ITT, 225

• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), 235

• Multiple sclerosis, 46

• Munger, Charlie, 127

• Murine glycoproteins, 35

• Mutations, 136

• Muyembe, Jean-Jacque, 118

• Myeloma, 155

• Myocardial infarction (MI), 48, 245

• Myopathy, 71t

• Myotonia, 137, 146

N

• Na currents from human iPSC cardiomyocytes, 143f

• Nabel, Gary, 7

• Nakamura, Jeanne, 92

• Nashville Academy of Medicine, cxx

• Nashville Chamber of Commerce, cxx

• Nashville University Council, cxx

• Nathans, Dan, 7

• Nathwani, Amit, 215, 227

• National Academy of Medicine, 23, 81

• National Academy of Sciences, xciv

• National Association of Public Hospitals, 13

• National Basketball Association, 86

• National Board of Medical Examiners Task Force, cxiii

• National Cancer Institute, 150

• National Foundation of Infectious Diseases, lxxxviii

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), 64, 67, 93, 94, 96, 97, 146, 235

• National Institutes of Health (NIH), xcii, cvi, cvii, cxii, cxv, 5, 30, 48, 64, 81, 83, 85, 89, 94, 104, 115, 120, 121, 127, 150, 205, 243

  • expenditures and publications, increase in life expectancy by race, 122f

• National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), 65

• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), 104, 108

  • Division of AIDS (DAIDS), 109
  • Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), 109
  • DMID Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium (IDCRC), 109
  • Vaccine Research Center at NIH, 104–105

• National Jewish Hospital, 198

• National Kidney Foundation (NKF), 252

• Native Americans, 155

  • population growth, 12, 18

• Na_V (Sodium channel), 137, 138, 139, 140, 143, 145, 146

• Navy, xcv, cxv

• NCI cancer centers, 91, 156

• Neal, Richard E., 249

• Nebulized albuterol, 166

• Nephrology, xcii, xcv, cv, cvii, cxvi, 248, 249, 252, 259

• Nephropathy, 24

• Neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA), 175

• Neurodegenerative diseases, 24

• Neuromechanical dissociation, 167

• Neuromuscular weakness, 163

• Neuropathy, 24

• Neurotoxicity, 242

• Neutrophilia, 34

• Neutrophils, 35, 36

• New England Journal of Medicine, ci, 8, 133, 249, 253

• New York Academy of Medicine, 200

• New York Academy of Science, cxx

• New York Medical College, cix

• New York Times, 249

• Newman, Elliot, cxix, cxx

• NHLBI. See National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

• NIAID. See National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

• Night blindness (nyctalopia), 220

• NIH. See National Institutes of Health

• NIHR. See National Institute for Health Research

• NINDS, 146

• Nipah virus, 108

• NKF-ASN Task Force, 253, 256, 257

• NMR, 60, 61, 63

• Nobel Prize, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 69, 92, 116, 156

• Non-GRF determinants, 254

• Nonlinear manifolds, 60f

• Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), 63, 64

• Non-secreted fibroblast growth factors (iFGF or FHF), 136

• Non-specific molecular phenotype tumors, 276

• Norden, 37

• North Central Bronx Hospital, cix–cx

• North Shore University, cix

• Novartis, 206–207t

• Novavax, 109

• NT, 144

• Nucleic acid vaccines, 105

• Nurses, 134

• Nyctalopia (night blindness), 220, 222

O

• Oates, John, cxix, cxx

• Obama, Barack, 23

• Obesity, 274, 282

• Ohio State University, 200

• Oken, Emily, 190

• OKT3 Muromomab CD3, 209t

• Olds, G. Richard, MD, MACP, cviii

• Oldstone, Michael, 7

• Omary, 35

• Omic profiles, 64

• Omicron variant, 117

• Omics, 181

  • data, 61, 64, 188
  • features, 58, 59

• Omnibus Clinical Trial Access & Diversity, 153

• 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), 262, 263, 265, 266f

• Ophthalmology, 224f

• Opioids, 12, 176

• Orchard Therapeutics, 206–207t

• Order of Military Medical Merit, 159

• Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold, and Sliver Star of Japan, 159

• Organ function, 262

• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 134

• Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, 205

• Orthogonal projections, 63

• Orthogonal solutions, 64

• Orthopneumovirus, 106

• Osborn, Governor Sidney P., 200

• Osler, William, xcviii, 57, 99, 235

• Osler Medical Service at John Hopkins, xcvii, xcviii

• Osler Resident, xcviii

• “Osler's Bedside Library: Great Writers Who Inspire a Great Physician,” ci

• Osteoblasts, 263

• Osteocytes, 263

• Osteomalacia, 263, 266, 267, 269

• Osteonecrosis, 71t, 75

• Osteoporosis, 71

• Osteoprotegerin (OPG), 73f

• Outpatient, 133

• Ovaries, 277, 275

• Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), 29, 32

• Oxygen, 180

P

• Pandemic, 7, 8, 11, 14, 18, 24, 105, 106

• Pandemic preparedness, 108

  • future of vaccinology, 110–112
  • prototype pathogen approach, 106, 112f

• PANTHER classification system, 184

• Panzer, 133

• Papillomaviruses, 1, 4, 6

  • See also Human papillomaviruses

• Paramyxoviridae, 108

• Paramyxoviruses, 106

• Parasternal intercostal muscles, 166

• Parathyroid glands, 262

• Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 262, 264, 265, 266f, 267, 269, 272

• Parkinson's disease, 233

• Pasteur, Louis, 2

• Pasteur Institute of Paris, cv, 3

• Pathogen identification, 104

• Pathogenic variants of polymerase epsion (POLE), 276

• Patient outcomes and medical knowledge through new training infrastructure, 119–135

• Patient-centric care, 152

• Payment reform, 23

• PBMCs. See Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Pearson correlations, 184, 187

• Pediatric cardiology, 157

• Penn, 219

• Peptic ulcer, 71t

• Performance improvement (PI), 119

• Pericytes, 234

• Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), 34

• Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 183, 184, 186

• Perkins, David L., MD, PhD, 181

• Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), 73f

• Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, cxix

• Pfeiffer, Richard, 4

• Pfeiffer's bacillus, 4

• Pfizer-BioNTech, 109

• Pharmaceutical sector, 86

• Pharmacogenetics, cvii

• Phate, 61

• Phenotype, 104, 140

  • bacteria associated with clinical, 185–186

• Philoctetes, c–ci

• Phosphate homeostasis, 263

• Phosphatonin, 263

• Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3) pathway, 274

• Physician-scientists, cxvi, 82–92, 118, 136, 137

  • attritions, forces causing, 84–85
  • economic logic and bottlenecks, 83t
  • entryway–sacrifice, 82–84
  • future of, 89
  • need for a bigger pipeline, 86
  • Physician Scientist Training Program (PSTP), 84
  • training, 84, 86–88

• Physicians, 83

• PI3K, 278, 279, 280

• PIK3, 276

• PIK3CA, 276, 277, 278, 281, 282

• Placebo, 70, 71, 74, 279

• Plague of Justinian, 1

• Plan-Do-Study Act (PDSA) cycle, 129

• Plasma lipidomic, 60

• Plasma/serum, 242

• Plasmodium berghei ANKA, 240

• Plasmodium falciparum, 238

• Platelet and fibroblast adhesion receptors, 37

• Platelets, 234

• Pneumonia, 163

• Pneumoviridae, 106

• Polio, 12

• Polk, Frank, lxxxvii

• Polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis, 37

• Polymyalgia rheumatica, 70

• Popper, 3

• Population growth

  • African American, 18
  • hispanic, 18
  • Native American, 18
  • white, 18

• Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), 174t

• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), ci, 162, 163, 172, 175

• Post-ventilation mental health sequelae, 162

• Pottenger Sanatorium, 200

• Powe, Neil R., 253, 257

• PPIs. See Protein-protein interaction

• President's Address: Virology through the Lens of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 1–10

• Presidents of the American Society of Clinical Investigation, 81

• “Problem with Race-Based Medicine, The,” (TED talk), 249

• Professional Ethics at the Museum of Jewish Heritage, xcix

• Professors rounds, cxii

• Professorship of Pediatric Cardiology at Cornell University, 157

• Progesterone, 275, 277

• Program for Humanities in Medicine at Yale Medical School, c

• Project Viva Categorical, 184

• Proportional assist ventilation (PAV), 175

• Protein vaccine, 117

• Protein-protein interaction (PPIs), 25, 26, 28f, 29

• Proteins, 58

• Proteobacteria, 185, 186f, 188

• Proteomics, 58

• Prototype pathogen approach to pandemic preparedness, 106, 112f

• Provider Relief Fund (PRF), 18

• Psychological sequelae, 163

• PTC Therapeutics, 206–207t

• PTEN, 277, 278, 279, 282

  • tumor suppressor gene, 276

• PTH. See Parathyroid hormone

• PTSD. See Post-traumatic stress disorder

• Public hospitals, 11, 12, 13

  • and COVID-19 pandemic, 11–23
• PubMed, 120, 123

  • PubMed citations, 122f, 123f
  • PubMed database, 120, 121

• Puck, Ted, 7

• Pulmonary embolism, 163

• Pulmonary function, cxix

• Pulmonologist, cix

• Pure antagonists, 47

• Puschett, Jules Bernard, MD, memorial, cxiv–cxvii

Q

• Qu, 39

• Quality improvement (QI), 127, 129, 130

• Quest, 256

R

• R01 grant from NIH, 85, 89

• RA. See Rheumatoid arthritis

• Rabelais, François, 11

• Racaniello, Vincent, 3

• Race, 13, 14, 67, 151, 154, 155, 248, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257

  • COVID-19 admissions, 16f, 17f
  • COVID-19 survival percentage, 15f
  • diversity, 67
  • life expectancy, 122f
• Race coefficient, 248, 252–256, 259, 261

  • in kidney function equations, eliminating, 247–261
  • questioning, 248–249

• Race-free equation, 260

• Racial admixture, 252, 254

• Ragni, Margaret, 227

• Raloxifene, 76

• Ramiah, Kalpana, 20

• Ramsey, Lloyd Hamilton, MD, memorial, cxviii–cxxi

• RAND group, 133

• RAND study, 133

• Ranolazine, 146

• Rapidly adapting receptors (RARs), 165

• Rathmell, W. Kimryn, MD, PhD, 81

• Raux, 174

• Reactive oxygen species, superoxide, and diabetes, 27

• Readmission rate versus CHR management citations, 122f

• Reaffirming the core values of academic cardiology, 93–98

  • financial challenges, 94–95

• Reape, Kathleen, 227

• Receptor activated of nuclear factor kappa ligand (RANKL), 73f

• Reduced mitochondrial function and urine metabolomics, 26

• Redundancy, 59

• Reidhead, Matt, MA, 11

• Reimann geometry, 60

• Reimann Manifold, 60

• Reimann, Bernhard, 60

• Rejuvenate Bio, 227

• Remicade^® infliximab, 209t

• Remote work, 196

• Renal disease, cxvi, 248

• Renal phosphate excretion, 262

• Renal physiology, cxv

• Reopro^® Abciximab, 209t

• Rep genes (genes for replication), 212f

• Residency Review Committee in Internal Medicine, cxii

• Respiratory distress, 163

• Respiratory Distress Observation Scale (RDOS), 171

• Respiratory failure, 266

• Respiratory pathophysiology, 164

• Respiratory rate, 173

• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 105, 106, 110f, 117

  • F (fusion) protein, 106
  • F structure, 107
  • vaccines, 107

• Results of America's Essential Hospital's 2020 Annual Member Characteristics Survey, 13

• Retina, 220f

• Retinal dystrophy, 222

• Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 (RPE65), 204, 220f, 221, 222

  • deficiency, 226
  • in visual cycle, 220

• Retroviral vector (RV), 206–207t

• Retroviruses, 7

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 69, 70, 71, 72

• Rheumatologists, 70, 76, 77

• Richman, Doug, 7

• Rickets, 263, 264

  • osteomalacia, hypophosphatemic, 262

• Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl, 190

• Risedronate, 74, 75

• Risk assessment, 57

• Risk factors, 57

• Rituxan^® Rituximab, 209t

• RNA, 6, 116, 184, 186, 187, 208

  • RNA-sequencing data, 59

• Robbins, Frederick, 5

• Robert Penn Warren Lecture, c

• Roberts, Dorothy, 248

• Roblin, Richard, 205

• Roche, 227

• Roche Diagnostics, 243

• Rockefeller Institute, 5

• Rockefeller University, xciii

• Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 159

• Roctavian^® valoctocogene roxaparvovec, 206–207t, 209t

• Rollins School of Public Health, 193

• Roncarolo, 205

• Roosevelt, Franklin D., 159

• Rosen, Neil, 282

• Ross, Will, MD, MPH, 11

• Roswell Park, 205

• Rous, Peyton, 3, 4

• Royal College of Physicians, 197

• Royal Society of Medicine (UK), cx

• RPE65. See Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65

• RSV. See Respiratory syncytial virus

• Rubin, Eric J., MD, PhD, 8, 196

• Rupp, Adolph, cxviii

• Rush Medical Center, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 200

• Russell, Steve, 227

• RV coefficient, 61, 63

• Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, 193

S

• Saag, Kenneth G., MD, MSC, 69

• Saint Peters University, xcviii

• Saito, Rintaro, 24

• Salary disparity, 83

• San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 205

• Sande, Merle, 7

• Sanford, Katherine, 5

• Sanger sequencing, 276

• Sanitorium, 198

• SARS epidemic, 196

• SARS-CoV-1, 105, 107

• SARS-CoV-2, 1, 105, 109, 117

• Schematic of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Na_V), 138f

• Schlesinger, 5

• Schlossman's group, 35

• Schmid, Rudy, 6

• Schmidt, 172, 174

• Schott, Cody, 190

• Schwartzstein, Richard M., MD, 162

• SCID. See X-linked SCID

• Science, 205

• Scientific Council's Distinguished Achievement award, cxvi

• Sclerostin, 73

• Scott & White Hospital, cxvi

• SCr, 254, 257

  • SCr-based race-free CKD-EPI equation, 256

• Scripps Institute, 7, 107

• SDOH. See Social determinants of health

• SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory, 159

• Seizures, 137, 146

• Selman Waksman Award in Microbiology, xciv

• Sepsis, 234, 235, 236, 237t, 238

  • in the developing world, 238
  • in the intensive care unit, 236–238

• Septic shock, 237, 242

• Sepulveda VA Los Angeles, lxxxvii

• Serum calcium, 265, 266f, 267

• Serum creatinine (SCr), 247, 248

  • measure of kidney function, 247–248

• Serum phosphate, 266f, 267

• Serum/plasma, 236

• Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), 205, 206–207t

• Sex (gender), 248, 253, 254, 255

• SGLT2 inhibitors, 24

• Shannon, 124

• Sharma, Kumar, MD, 24

• Shernoff, David J., 92

• Shigella dysenteriae infection, 3

• Shock. See Septic shock or Toxic shock syndrome or Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

• Shope, Richard, 4

• Simioni, Paolo, 215

• Simulect^® basiliximab, 209t

• Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 58

• Single-cell analysis, 104, 111

• Sinsky, 133

• SIR, 125f

• Sir Spenser Lister Medal, 159

• siRNA knock down, effects of FHF2 on persistent Na current in mouse ventricular myocytes, 142f

• SIRS (Systemic inflammatory response syndrome), 235, 237

• Six Sigma, 128

• Skeletal development, 262

• Skeletal myotonias, 136

• Skysona^® elivaldogene autotemcel, 206–207t, 209t

• Slowly adapting receptors (SARs), 8, 165, 166

• Smith, Dean, 87

• Smith, Holly, 136

• Smith, Wilson, 4

• Snell, James, cxix

• Social determinants of health (SDOH), 19

• Social media, 116

• Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), 19, 22

• Society for Clinical Trials, 232

• Sociodemographic data, 151

• Sodium channel (Na_V), 137

• Sodium channel interacting proteins, biological antiarrhythmics, 136–148

• Sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters (SGLT), 33

• Sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2), 33

• “Some Observations on the Course and Outcome of Hemorrhagic Nephritis,” 99

• Sophocles, c–ci

• South African Institute for Medical Research, 159

• Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, cxvii

• Spark Therapeutics, 205, 206–207t, 227

• Spiegel, Allen, MD, xciv, cx

• Spirometry, 182

• Spivak, Jerry L., MD, MACP, cii

• Spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), 171

• St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, 193

• Standard infection ratios (SIR), 124f

• Standardized Teaching and Assessment Resource Center (STAR Center), cvi

• Stanley, 5

• State-space, 61, 62f, 63, 64

• Statins, 133

• Stead, Eugene, cxix

• Stem cells, 209

• Steroids (glucocorticoids), 69

  • clinical trials, 72
  • induced osteoporosis, 73

• Stokes, Joseph, 5

• Stout, Cynthia Kay, 198

• Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), 234, 239

• Streptococcus pyogenes, 239

• Strimvelis^®, 206–207t, 209t

• Strogen stimulation, 278

• Sturley, Rachel, 162

• Sudden cardiac death (SCD), 137

• Sun therapy, 200

• SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, lxxxviii

• Superoxide in diabetic kidneys and DHE reduction, 26

• Superoxide levels, 27

• Superoxide measurement in mice with dihydroethidium, 25

• Superoxide production, 27

• Superoxide, diabetes, and reactive oxygen species, 27

• Suppression of mitochondrial respiration is a feature of cellular glucose toxicity, 24–33

• Survival percentage, for COVID-19, 16f, 17f

• Survival rate, 276

• SV40, 7

• SVI. See Social Vulnerability Index

• Synagis^® palivizumab, 209t

• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 235

• Systemic lupus erythematosus, 70

• Systems biology and implications for human diabetic complications, 29

T

• T1D (type 1 diabetes), 25

• T32 programs, 89, 91

• TA-1/LFA1 (CD11a), 35

• Takefman, Dan, 227

• Talent, developing talent and a championship team, 81–92

• Tasaka, 3

• Taussig, Helen Brook, 157

• TB. See Tuberculosis

• T-cell leukemia, 6

• T cells, 36, 215, 218

• Team, developing talent and a championship team, 81–92

• TED talk, “The Problem with Race-Based Medicine,” 249

• Tennessee Heart Association, cxx

• Teriparatide, 75, 76

• Tetanus toxoid (TT), 183, 189

• Tetanus toxoid-stimulated PBMCs, 183

  • network connectivity, 187f

• Texas A&M College of Medicine, cxvi

• The House of God, c

• Thedda Care, 128

• T-helper 1 cell (TH1), 183

• T-helper 2 cell (TH2), 183

• Theodore E. Woodward Award, 159

  • winners, 160–161

• Theranostic precision medicine, 240, 242

• Therapeutic target to improve outcomes in life-threatening diseases, Ang-1/2-Tie2 axis system, 240

• Therapeutics, licensing, 209t

• Therapy, gene. See Gene therapy

• Thieller, Max, 5

• Thier, Samuel, xcix

• Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 248

• Thomas, Don, 156

• Thrombasthenic platelets, 37

• Thrombocytopenia, 46f, 47

• Thrombosis, 46f, 48

• Thrombotic microangiopathy, 239

• Tie-2, 234, 236, 246

• Tie2 superagonist nanoparticles for pathogen-agnostic treatments, 241–242

• Tightness. See Chest tightness

• Tirofiban, 48

• T lymphocyte antigen-1 (TA-1), 35

• Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), 2

• Todd, Robert, 35

• Tomaselli, Gordon F., MD, 136

• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), 237t

• Toxic shock syndrome, streptococcal (STSS), 234

• Toyota, 128

• Training, 83, 84, 85

• Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 57, 157

• Transcriptomic analysis, 58, 183

• Trowbridge, 35

• Trust, 152

• TT. See Tetanus toxoid

• Tubercle bacillus, 4

• Tuberculosis, 2, 4, 8, 105, 196, 197, 198

• Tuberculosis and the building of the American West, Bert and Peggy DuPont Lecture, 196–199

• Tucson Medical Center, 200

• Tufts-New England Medical Center, lxxxvii, lxxxix

• Tulane University School of Medicine, cxv, cxvi, cxvii

  • Department of Medicine, cxvi, cxvii
  • Owl Club, cxv

• Tularimia, 159

• Tumors, 274

  • copy-number high, 276
  • low molecular phenotype, 276

• Turmorigenesis, 59

• Turturice, Benjamin, 190

• Tweardy, David J., MD, xcvi

• 21st Century Cures Act, 150

• 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E⁺), 25, 26, 27f

• Twort, Frederick, 3

• Type 1 diabetes (T1D), 25

• Typhoid fever, 159

• Typhus, 159

U

• U.C. Davis, 155

• U.S. Army's Outstanding Civilian Service Award, 159

• US Centers for Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), 193

• U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, 221

• U.S. Naval Hospital, xcii, cxv

• U.S. Typhus Commission Medal, 159

• UCLA Wadsworth Hospital, lxxxix

• Ultramutated tumors, pathogenic variants of polymerase epsion (POLE), 276

• UNC Chapel Hill, xci, 87

• Undergraduate medical education (UME), 119, 128, 129

• Uniqure, 206–207t, 208

• Universite de Nice, cvi

• University of Alabama, lxxxviii

• University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, cxv

• University of California, 136

  • San Francisco (UCSF) Health, 252

• University of Florida, 219

• University of Kentucky, cxviii, cxix

• University of Maryland School of Medicine, 99, 146, 159, 193

• University of Maryland University Hospital, cxv

• University of Miami Medical School, cxv, 156

• University of Michigan, 7, 200, 243

• University of North Carolina, cv, 109

• University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, xci, xcii, cxv, 248

• University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, cxv

• University of Rochester School of Medicine, cxi, cxii, cxiii

• University of Texas Medical School, 193

• University of Texas School of Public Health, 193

• University of Toronto, 243

• University of Vermont, cv

• University of Virginia, 99

• University of Washington, 156, 241, 243

• Unliganded and liganded

  • states of the ligand-binding region, 45f
  • αA domain, structural comparisons, 40f
  • αvβ3 crystal structures, 43

• Unliganded αvβ3, 41

• Upstaza^® eladocagene exuparvovec, 206–207t, 209t

• Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) study, 184

• Uric acid, 29

• “Urinary Stone,” 200

• Urine metabolites, 26

  • and bioinformatics analysis, 25–26

• Urine metabolomics indicates reduced mitochondrial function, 26

• Uterus, 277

V

• Vaccinations, 188

• Vaccine, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110, 115

  • approaches to disease prevention, 111
  • design, proof-of-concept for structure-based, 106–107
  • development, 112
  • development for SARS-CoV-2, 110f
  • platform manufacturing, 106
  • related technology development, 110f

• Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD), 110f

• Vaccine Research Center (VRC), 104–109

  • Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, 109
• Vaccinology

  • COVID-19 Vaccine Development and the Future, Gordon Wilson Lecture, 103–118
  • future of and pandemic preparedness, 110–112
  • new technologies, 103–104

• Vagus nerve, 166

• Vanderbilt Medical Center, cxx

• Vanderbilt University Hospital, cxix, cxx

• Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 87, 88, 109

• Vascular disease, 262

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 246

• Vascular leak, 236, 239, 242

• Vascular regulation, cvii

• Vasopressin in Septic Shock Trial (VASST), 240

• Vector genomes (VG), 223f

• Ventilation, 165, 169, 174

• Ventilator, 164, 171, 172, 173, 175

  • adjustment, 175, 176
  • admissions, for COVID-19, 17f
  • and dyspnea, potential for harm, 171–173
  • settings, 174
• Ventilator dyssynchrony, 172, 173, 176

  • associated with dyspnea, 174t

• Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), 164

• Veterans Administration Hospital, cxv

• Viral capsid (cap genes), 211

• Viral oncology, 3, 6

• Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, 109

• Virginia Mason, 128

• Virologist, xciii

• Virology, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 205

• Virology through the Lens of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 1–10

• Viruses, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 106, 108

  • engineering vector from, 212f

• Vision, 220, 221, 222

• Visual cycle, 220f

• Vitamin D, 75, 262, 263, 264, 269

• Voltage gated Na channels (Na_V), 136

• von Willebrand's factor (vWF), 37, 38f

• Voretigene neparvovec, 222f

W

• Wageningen, 2

• Wake Forest School of Medicine, xcii

• Walgreens, 154

• Walter Reed Army Medical Center, xcviii, cv, 3

• Wang, Yue, PhD, 56

• Warburg and Crabtree to explain cellular physiology to glucose toxicity, 29–30

• Warburg effect, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32

• Ward, Andrew, 107

• Washington University, cxix, 130, 131, 133

• Washington University/Barnes Hospital, xciii

• Weibel-Palade bodies, 234, 236

• Weight gain, 71t

• Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), 184, 186, 187

• Welch, William Henry, 99

• Weller, Thomas, 5

• Wellman, Jen, 227

• West Nile virus, 105

• Western Reserve University School of Medicine, cv

• Wheezing, 182, 185, 186f, 188

• White, 156, 248, 252, 260

  • Americans, 253
  • dying of asthma, 190
  • hospital admissions, 15
  • men, 121, 122f
  • population growth, 18
  • well-insured, 149

• Whitney Humanity Center at Yale University, c

• WHO, 112

• “Who Will Keep the Public Healthy?” 19

• Wikimedia Commons, 60

• Williams, Charles Theodore, 197

• Wilson, Gordon, 99

• Wistar Institute, 231

• Wittes, Janet, 232

• Wolf, Myles, MD, MMSc, 262

• Women, 274, 275, 278, 282

  • black, 274

• Woodruff, 4

• Woodward, Theodore E., 159

• “Wound and the Bow, The,” c

• Wright, J. Fraser, 227

• Wuhan China, 108

• Wyskiel, Rhonda, 131

X

• X-linked hypophosphatemia, 264

• X-linked SCID, 205, 210

Y

• Yale Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics, xcix

• Yale University, xcv, xcix, cxi

  • Hematology Division, xcvii
  • Medical School, xcvii, xcix
  • New Haven Medical House Staff Awards, xcix

• Yang, Peter, 257

• Yellow fever epidemic, 12

• Yersinia pestis, 1

• Yoder, Jesse, PhD, 146

• Young, Lawrence, cxii

• Yue, David T., MD, PhD, 146

Z

• Zablocki Veterans Hospital, cvi

• Zhang, Guanshi, PhD, 24

• Zika virus, 105, 196

  • collaboration with Moderna, 107–108
  • vaccines, 108

• Zoledronic acid, 74, 75

• Zolgensma^® onasemnogene abeparvovec, 206–207t, 209t

• Zynteglo^® betibeglogene autotemcel, 206–207t, 209t