Table 8. Outcomes of high-flow rate methods of oxygen delivery and noninvasive ventilation.
SpO2: oxygen saturation; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; AECOPD: acute exacerbations of COPD, GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; NIV: non-invasive ventilation; PaCO2: particle pressure of carbon dioxide
| Author | Year | Study Design | Method of Oxygen Delivery | Inclusion Criteria | Sample Size | SpO2 | Flow Rate | Gas Temperature | FiO2(median) | Criteria for Intubation | Duration of Treatment | Length of Hospital Stay(median) | Readmission Rate | Mortality Rate | Success Rate |
| Jingen Xia, Sichao Gu, [95] | 2022 | Randomized controlled trial | High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (Airvo-2™) | AECOPD patients with mild hypercapnia (pH ≥ 7.35 and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide > 45 mmHg) | 163 (only 158 completed) | 90-95% | Initial-30L/min After 72hrs- 35L/min. | 31–37 °C | 0.32 | 4 (2.5%) | Every day till flow rate was <20L/min and FiO2was <0.3 | 9.0 | At day 90-25 (16.3%) | - | - |
| Jingen Xia, Sichao Gu, [95] | 2022 | Randomized controlled trial | Conventional oxygen therapy | AECOPD patients with mild hypercapnia (pH ≥7.35 and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide >45 mmHg) | 174 (only 172 completed) | 90-95% | 1-5L/min | - | - | 1 (0.6%) | - | 8.0 | 23 (13.5%) | - | - |
| Andrea Cortegiani [96] | 2020 | Randomized controlled trial | High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (Optiflow™, Airvo™) | Mild-to-moderate AECOPD | 40 | 88-92% | Initial-60L/min | 37°C | - | - | Six hours | - | - | - | PaCO2 reduction after two hours- 6.8 mmHg |
| Andrea Cortegiani [96] | 2020 | Randomized controlled trial | NIV- full face or oro-nasal mask | Mild-to-moderate AECOPD | 40 | 88-92% | - | - | - | - | Six hours | - | - | - | PaCO2 reduction after two hours- 9.5 mmHg |
| Pieter Veenstra [97] | 2022 | Retrospective cohort study | High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (Airvo™) | AECOPD patients according to GOLD criteria | 173 | - | 30 L/min | 31°C | 0.25 | - | Until relieved from sputum stasis and dyspnea | 9.5 | - | - | 61% |
| Pervin Hancı [98] | 2022 | Feasibility Study | High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (Optiflow™) | AECOPD patients with respiratory rate >30/min, O2 sat.<90%, lack of response to initial medical treatment | 23 | >90% | Initial-40L/min Increased till-60L/min | 37°C | 0.3 | 2 | Until stable | 10.0 | - | ICU-4.3% 60-day MR-8.6% | - |