Abstract
目的
比较单侧双通道脊柱内镜腰椎融合术(unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion,ULIF)与单通道脊柱内镜下经椎间孔腰椎融合术(endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,Endo-TLIF)治疗合并椎间盘突出的腰椎管狭窄症疗效。
方法
回顾分析2020年4月—2021年11月64 例符合选择标准的合并椎间盘突出的腰椎管狭窄症患者临床资料。其中,采用ULIF治疗30例(ULIF组)、Endo-TLIF 治疗34例(Endo-TLIF组)。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、病变节段以及术前腰、腿痛疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、椎管面积、椎间隙高度等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间以及术后并发症发生情况,腰、腿痛VAS评分以及ODI,以及影像学测量指标,包括椎管面积、椎间植骨面积、椎间隙高度、椎间融合情况(改良Brantigan 评分)。
结果
与Endo-TLIF组相比,ULIF组手术时间缩短,但术中出血量较多、患者住院时间较长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后Endo-TLIF组、ULIF组分别有2、1例发生脑脊液漏,均无其他并发症发生;两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均获随访12个月。术后两组腰、腿痛VAS评分及ODI均较术前改善(P<0.05),术后各时间点间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后各时间点两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。影像学检查示,两组术后椎管面积变化值、椎间隙高度变化值以及术后6、12个月椎间融合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ULIF组椎间植骨面积大于Endo-TLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
结论
对于合并椎间盘突出的腰椎管狭窄症患者,ULIF不仅能获得与Endo-TLIF相似疗效,还具有减压效率更高、手术器械操作灵活、椎间隙处理更彻底、手术时间较短等优点。
Keywords: 腰椎管狭窄症, 椎间盘突出, 椎间融合术, 单侧双通道脊柱内镜技术, 单通道脊柱内镜下经椎间孔腰椎融合术
Abstract
Objective
To compare the effectiveness between unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (ULIF) and endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) in treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis combined with intervertebral disc herniation.
Methods
A clinical data of 64 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and intervertebral disc herniation, who were admitted between April 2020 and November 2021 and met the selection criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 30 patients were treated with ULIF (ULIF group) and 34 patients with Endo-TLIF (Endo-TLIF group). There was no significant difference in baseline data such as gender, age, disease duration, lesion segment, preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score of low back pain and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), spinal canal area, and intervertebral space height between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stays, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups, as well as the VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain, ODI, and imaging measurement indicators (spinal canal area, intervertebral bone graft area, intervertebral space height, and degree of intervertebral fusion according to modified Brantigan score).
Results
Compared with the Endo-TLIF group, the ULIF group had shorter operation time, but had more intraoperative blood loss and longer hospital stays, with significant differences (P<0.05). The cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 2 cases of Endo-TLIF group and 1 case of ULIF group, and no other complication occurred. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). All patients in the two groups were followed up 12 months. The VAS scores of lower back pain and leg pain and ODI in the two groups significantly improved when compared with those before operation (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between different time points after operation (P>0.05). And there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point after operation (P>0.05). Imaging examination showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the change of spinal canal area, the change of intervertebral space height, and intervertebral fusion rate at 6 and 12 months (P>0.05). The intervertebral bone graft area in the ULIF group was significantly larger than that in the Endo-TLIF group (P<0.05).
Conclusion
For the patients with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with intervertebral disc herniation, ULIF not only achieves similar effectiveness as Endo-TLIF, but also has advantages such as higher decompression efficiency, flexible surgical instrument operation, more thorough intraoperative intervertebral space management, and shorter operation time.
Keywords: Lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar disc herniation, lumbar interbody fusion, unilateral biportal endoscopy technique, endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
腰椎管狭窄症是常见的腰椎退行性疾病,严重影响患者生活质量和运动功能[1],如同时合并椎间盘突出,治疗更复杂。腰椎融合术是临床常用腰椎管狭窄症治疗方式,为了尽量减少手术创伤及术后恢复时间,术者大多选择脊柱内镜手术,与传统开放手术相比具有切口小、出血少、住院时间短等优点[2-4]。自1997年Foley首次报道应用管状扩张通道系统辅助脊柱手术以来,微创脊柱内镜手术临床应用越来越多[5]。其中,单通道脊柱内镜下经椎间孔腰椎融合术(endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,Endo-TLIF)治疗合并椎间盘突出的腰椎管狭窄症,具有微创、术后恢复快、住院时间较短等优点[6-8]。但是单通道内镜术中视野有限,操作有一定难度[9];由于融合器需要穿过工作套管,所以对其尺寸有限制。
单侧双通道脊柱内镜(unilateral biportal endoscopy,UBE)技术是近年出现的新型脊柱微创技术,既能完成中央椎管减压、双侧神经根及侧隐窝减压,又可进行椎间植骨融合,单侧双通道脊柱内镜腰椎融合术(unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion,ULIF)已用于多种脊柱疾病治疗,并取得了较理想疗效[10]。但是,对于Endo-TLIF及ULIF椎间隙处理范围及椎间融合效果缺少深入研究[11-12]。为了解决这些问题并提高治疗效果,我们进行了一项回顾性研究,比较Endo-TLIF和ULIF治疗合并椎间盘突出的腰椎管狭窄症临床和影像学结果,分析两种术式优缺点。报告如下。
1. 临床资料
1.1. 一般资料
患者纳入标准:① 椎间盘突出伴腰椎中央和外侧隐窝狭窄;② 经影像学检查诊断为单节段椎间盘突出伴腰椎管狭窄;③ 临床表现为典型间歇性跛行伴单侧下肢神经根受压症状及体征,经正规保守治疗3个月以上症状无显著改善,且腰部疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)≥4分。
排除标准:① 胸腰段病变引起的感染性疾病;② 行同一脊柱水平翻修手术;③ 存在心肺功能障碍,不能耐受手术;④ 随访资料不完整、患者配合程度较低。
2020年4月—2021年11月,共64 例患者符合选择标准纳入研究。其中采用ULIF治疗30例(ULIF组)、Endo-TLIF 治疗34例(Endo-TLIF组)。两组性别、年龄、病程、病变节段以及术前腰、腿痛VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、椎管面积、椎间隙高度等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
表 1.
Comparison of baseline data between groups
两组基线资料比较
| 基线资料 Baseline data |
ULIF组(n=30) ULIF group (n=30) |
Endo-TLIF组(n=34) Endo-TLIF group (n=34) |
统计量 Statistical value |
P值 P value |
| 性别(男/女,例) | 11/19 | 12/22 | χ2=0.013 | 0.909 |
年龄( ,岁) |
58.50±9.05 | 57.97±8.04 | t=0.248 | 0.805 |
病程( ,月) |
11.40±2.31 | 10.63±2.73 | t=1.209 | 0.231 |
| 病变节段(L4、5/L5、S1,例) | 14/16 | 15/19 | χ2=0.042 | 0.838 |
术前腿痛VAS评分( ,分) |
6.4±1.3 | 6.2±1.4 | t=0.478 | 0.634 |
术前腰痛VAS评分 ( ,分) |
6.1±1.3 | 6.1±1.3 | t=−0.066 | 0.948 |
术前ODI( ,%) |
61.53±7.86 | 59.76±5.85 | t=1.029 | 0.307 |
术前椎管面积( ,mm2) |
144.89±54.54 | 168.44±61.50 | t=−1.612 | 0.112 |
术前椎间隙高度( ,mm) |
8.04±1.78 | 8.64±2.79 | t=−1.028 | 0.308 |
1.2. 手术方法
两组手术均由同一名医生完成。
1.2.1. ULIF组
全身麻醉后,患者取俯卧位,腹部垫高。C臂X线机透视定位目标节段症状侧椎板间隙,如存在左、右侧症状差异则选择症状严重侧;以棘突旁开约0.5 cm处为穿刺点。常规消毒、铺巾后,连接电磁导航装置,术前设计图像与术中实时图像匹配成功后,在电磁导航辅助下分别于目标节段双侧椎弓根植入4根导丝备用。透视下将穿刺针穿刺至椎板间隙,建立UBE双侧通道,同时将椎间孔镜连接到光源和摄像机,以便进行内镜下手术操作。将椎间孔镜放入工作套管,调节合适生理盐水冲洗水流量。切除目标椎间隙上位椎体症状侧下关节突内侧、下位椎体上关节突内侧部分骨质,磨除骨质用作椎间融合。于症状侧开窗扩大椎管及该侧神经根管,探查见目标椎间隙椎间盘突出并中央偏症状侧突出,压迫神经根和硬膜。通过工作通道摘除突出髓核,探查见硬膜囊松弛,处理目标椎间隙,植入切除的自体颗粒骨并压实,并植入1枚大小合适的椎间融合器。射频双极电极通过工作通道到达工作区域止血,消融髓核。于双侧椎弓根打入4枚椎弓根螺钉、钉棒,透视位置满意后拔除工作通道。放置引流管1根,缝合切口。见图1。
图 1.
Surgical operation diagram of ULIF group (L4, 5 as an example)
ULIF组手术操作示意图(以L4、5节段为例)
a. 术前C臂X线机透视定位目标节段; b. 将椎间融合器植入目标椎间隙; c. 术中内镜下见神经根松弛; d、e. 植入螺钉及钉棒后正侧位透视
a. Location of target segment under C-arm X-ray machine before operation; b. Cage implantation in the target intervertebral space; c. The nerve root laxity observed under endoscopy; d, e. Anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy after implantation of the screws and the bars

1.2.2. Endo-TLIF组
全身麻醉后,患者取俯卧位,胸部及髂部垫高。同ULIF组透视定位目标节段、电磁导航辅助下在双侧椎弓根植入4根导丝备用。同时,在电磁导航辅助下定位目标节段椎间隙,于后正中线旁开约4 cm、平椎间隙水平为穿刺定位点,正、侧位透视下确认穿刺针穿刺至症状侧下位椎体上关节突后,插入导丝,拔出穿刺针;于进针点处作切口,长约8 mm;沿导丝逐级放置导杆,最后放置工作套管;透视确认工作套管位置准确后,退出导丝和导杆,连接椎间孔镜,并将椎间孔镜放入工作套管,调节合适的生理盐水冲洗水流速度。咬除视野内肌肉、脂肪等软组织,出血部位以射频止血。直视下采用环锯进行关节突成形,清理周围黄韧带,进行侧隐窝及椎间孔切开减压。探查见目标椎间隙椎间盘向后突出,以抓钳缓慢将髓核取出,清理椎间隙内椎间盘至椎体前缘,以工作套管旋切方式刮除上、下终板,经打开的椎间孔入路于前柱植入咬除的碎骨及1枚椎间融合器,透视位置满意,探查见神经根松弛,硬膜囊膨胀满意,椎管内无髓核残留。沿导丝用丝攻扩张钉道,透视下植入4枚椎弓根螺钉。双侧椎弓根以合适长度纵棒连接,螺帽锁定。缝合切口,无菌敷贴覆盖。见图2。
图 2.
Surgical operation diagram of Endo-TLIF group (L5, S1 as an example)
Endo-TLIF组手术操作示意图(以L5、S1节段为例)
a. 术中植入导丝、工作通道后C臂X线机透视目标节段; b. 内镜下环锯切除骨质;c. 切除椎间盘;d. 植入螺钉、椎间融合器后侧位透视
a. Location of the target segment under C-arm X-ray machine after implanting guide wires and operating channels; b. The bone was resect by annular sawing under miroscopy; c. Discectomy; d. Lateral fluoroscopy after implantation of the screws and the cage

1.3. 术后处理方法
ULIF组术后根据患者一般情况及引流量,通常于术后2~3 d拆除引流管。两组患者均在医生指导下进行康复训练,锻炼强度逐渐增加。
1.4. 疗效评价指标
1.4.1. 临床评价指标
记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间以及术后并发症发生情况,包括神经根损伤、硬膜外血肿、脑脊液漏、感染等[2, 13]。术前及术后1周、3个月、12个月,记录患者腰、腿痛VAS评分以及ODI。
1.4.2. 影像学测量
术前1 d及术后1周行腰椎CT、MRI检查,6、12个月CT检查,采用Image J软件测量相关指标。① 椎管面积:取术前MRI图像显示的腰椎间盘突出致神经根受压最严重、椎管面积最小处水平面为测量水平面,测量术前及术后1周同一平面椎管面积,计算手术前后变化值,以评估减压效果。② 椎间植骨面积:于术后1周CT图像测量目标椎间隙各平面不规则植骨面积,选取其中最大植骨面积进行比较。③ 椎间隙高度:于术前及术后1周CT图像测量目标椎间隙高度,计算手术前后变化值进行比较。④ 椎间融合情况:基于术后6、12个月CT图像,参照改良Brantigan 评分标准[14]评估椎间融合情况。评分标准:4分,完全融合,出现连续骨痂;3分,椎间融合良好,但存在少许透亮线;2分,椎间存在50%连续骨痂,但椎间植骨区存在较多透亮线;1分,大部分椎间植骨未见连续骨痂,但骨量较术后椎间植骨量增多;0分,椎间植骨吸收,椎间隙高度下降,椎体未融合。评分≥3分为椎间融合。
1.5. 统计学方法
采用SPSS23.0统计软件进行分析。计量资料行正态性检验,均符合正态分布,以均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;两组多时间点比较采用重复测量方差分析,若不满足球形检验,采用Greenhouse-Geisser法进行校正,同一组别不同时间点间比较采用 Bonferroni 法,同一时间点不同组别间比较采用多因素方差分析。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。检验水准α=0.05。
2. 结果
2.1. 临床疗效评价
与Endo-TLIF相比,ULIF组手术时间缩短,但术中出血量多、住院时间长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后Endo-TLIF组、ULIF组各发生脑脊液漏2、1例,予以切口加压缝合、加强换药后症状缓解;两组患者均无神经根损伤、硬膜外血肿、感染等并发症发生。两组并发症发生率(7.14%、3.03%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
表 2.
Comparison of outcome indicators between groups
两组结局指标比较
| 结局指标 Outcome indicator |
ULIF组(n=30) ULIF group (n=30) |
Endo-TLIF组(n=34) Endo-TLIF group (n=34) |
效应值(95%CI) Effect value (95%CI) |
P值 P value |
手术时间( ,min) |
122.43±9.97 | 176.62±18.98 | MD=−54.19(−61.92,−46.46) | <0.001 |
术中出血量( ,mL) |
156.57±14.53 | 101.29±10.16 | MD=55.27(49.06,61.48) | <0.001 |
住院时间( ,d) |
7.00±1.32 | 3.66±1.34 | MD=3.34(2.67,4.00) | <0.001 |
| 并发症(发生/不发生,例) | 2/28 | 1/33 | OR=2.36(0.20,27.39) | 0.482 |
椎管面积变化值( ,mm2) |
92.96±56.00 | 95.54±51.51 | MD=2.58(−29.45,24.39) | 0.848 |
椎间植骨面积( ,mm2) |
365.85±45.86 | 229.56±62.90 | MD=136.30(108.46,164.13) | <0.001 |
椎间隙高度变化值( ,mm) |
2.38±1.69 | 2.176±1.883 | MD=0.20 (−0.68,1.09) | 0.652 |
| 术后6个月椎间融合(是/否,例) | 25/5 | 28/6 | OR=1.07(0.29,3.95) | 0.917 |
| 术后12个月椎间融合(是/否,例) | 29/1 | 31/3 | OR=2.81(0.28,28.53) | 0.365 |
两组患者均获随访12个月。术后两组腰痛、腿痛VAS评分及ODI均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后各时间点间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后各时间点两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见图3。
图 3.
Change trends of VAS score and ODI in the two groups
两组VAS评分及ODI变化趋势
a. 腿痛VAS评分; b. 腰痛VAS评分; c. ODI
a. VAS score of leg pain; b. VAS score of low back pain; c. ODI

2.2. 影像学评价指标
两组术后椎管面积变化值、椎间隙高度变化值以及术后6、12个月椎间融合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ULIF组椎间植骨面积大于Endo-TLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后椎管面积较术前增加(P<0.05),椎间隙高度无明显变化(P>0.05)。见表2及图4、5。
图 4.
A 72-year-old female patient with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with intervertebral disc herniation at L5, S1 in Endo-TLIF group
Endo-TLIF组患者,女,72岁,L5、S1椎间盘突出伴椎管狭窄
a~c. 术前正侧位X线片以及矢状位及L5、S1椎间隙水平位CT、MRI;d~f. 术后3个月正侧位X线片以及矢状位及L5、S1椎间隙水平位CT、MRI
a-c. Preoperative anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films, CT and MRI of sagittal and L5, S1 intervertebral space horizontal positions, respectively; d-f. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films, CT and MRI of sagittal and L5, S1 intervertebral space horizontal positions at 3 months after operation, respectively

图 5.
A 70-year-old female patient with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with intervertebral disc herniation at L4, 5 in ULIF group
ULIF组患者,女,70岁,L4、5椎间盘突出伴椎管狭窄
a~c. 术前正侧位X线片以及矢状位、L4、5椎间隙水平位CT、MRI;d~f. 术后3个月正侧位X线片以及矢状位、L4、5椎间隙水平位CT、MRI
a-c. Preoperative anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films, CT and MRI of sagittal and L4, 5 intervertebral space horizontal positions, respectively; d-f. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films, CT and MRI of sagittal and L4, 5 intervertebral space horizontal positions at 3 months after operation, respectively

3. 讨论
随着微创技术的发展,通过微创方式完成腰椎融合术成为越来越多脊柱外科医师追求的目标。与传统开放腰椎融合术相比,微创手术可以保持椎体正常结构,减轻手术创伤,减少手术时间并加快患者术后恢复[15-17]。UBE技术作为一种新的微创技术,结合了开放手术和传统微创手术优点,在高清视野下手术,有效保护椎旁肌肉,减少对椎旁骨、关节和韧带的损伤,使各种腰椎间盘突出症、严重腰椎管狭窄症、颈椎管狭窄症、压缩性骨折和外神经孔压迫的微创治疗成为可能[10, 18-19]。UBE技术在腰椎手术中的优势包括通过2个小切口实现双侧神经减压,1个入口用于连续冲洗和内镜观察,另1个入口操作手术器械[20-21],弥补了传统单通道脊柱微创手术中手术器械操作不灵活以及视野受限的缺点。
本研究结果显示ULIF组手术时间较Endo-TLIF明显缩短,但术中出血量增多。有研究显示患者术中出血量、手术时间与术者操作方式、操作熟练度、手术视野、术中是否应用止血药物等多个因素相关[22],加之ULIF手术操作对周围组织损伤较Endo-TLIF大,可能是本研究ULIF组患者出血量较多的原因。两组患者术后腰、腿痛VAS评分和ODI均较术前改善(P<0.05),且各时间点两组间无明显差异(P>0.05),表明ULIF和Endo-TLIF治疗合并椎间盘突出的腰椎管狭窄症疗效相似,均能有效缓解疼痛、促进功能恢复。此外,在椎间融合方面,术后6、12个月两组椎间融合率差异均无统计学意义,进一步提示两种手术方法均能达到良好椎间融合。但两组术后12个月仍存在未融合患者,需要对这部分患者进一步随访,分析未融合原因,必要时进行翻修手术。影响椎间融合的因素较多,包括椎间感染、终板处理状况、内固定稳定性、移植骨材料性质和植骨面积、是否进行混合植骨等[14, 23]。本研究ULIF组椎间植骨面积明显大于Endo-TLIF组,但两组椎间融合率无明显差异,提示植骨面积不是决定融合率的唯一因素。腰椎影像资料测量显示,两组患者术后椎管面积均较术前增加,但组间椎管面积变化值无明显差异,结合患者临床评价结果分析,提示两种术式均能有效进行目标节段椎管减压。
我们认为ULIF与Endo-TLIF相比具有以下优势:① 工作通道与观察通道分离操作,相关器械活动不受工作通道的限制,可以在一个清晰放大的手术视野中进行精确减压[24]。而且椎间隙处理范围大,自体骨获取量多,为后续椎间植骨奠定基础。② 可视化范围广,可不受限制地进入椎管各个位置,椎管减压范围大,减压效果良好。③ 学习曲线较短,易于学习及推广。④ ULIF术中易于止血,骨面出血可使用骨蜡止血。
综上述,ULIF与Endo-TLIF均能有效治疗合并椎间盘突出的腰椎管狭窄症患者,且前者具有视野清晰、植骨范围较大等优点。但本研究为回顾性研究,观察例数以及随访时间均有限,下一步需扩大样本量、延长随访时间,开展多中心合作随访并设计前瞻性研究进一步验证上述结论。
利益冲突 在课题研究和文章撰写过程中不存在利益冲突;基金项目经费支持没有影响文章观点和对研究数据客观结果的统计分析及其报道
伦理声明 研究方案经青岛大学附属医院医学伦理委员会批准(QYFY WZLL 27674)
作者贡献声明 陈伯华、相宏飞:研究设计;周传利、吴晓淋:研究实施;范祚然:数据收集整理及统计分析、文章撰写;郭柱、相宏飞:行政及经费支持
Funding Statement
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82172478);泰山学者青年专家工程资助项目(tsqn201909190);山东省高等学校“青创科技支持计划”(2021KJ048);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022T150340、2021M701813);青岛市博士后应用研究项目(2020);国家骨科与运动康复临床医学研究中心创新基金(2021-NCRC-CXJJ-ZH-02);山东省自然科学基金青年基金(ZR202111280033)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172478); Young Taishan Scholars Program (tsqn201909190); Shandong Higher Education Young Science and Technology Support Program (2021KJ048); Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2022T150340, 2021M701813); Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project (2020); Innovation Funds of National Orthopedics and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medicine Research Center (2021-NCRC-CXJJ-ZH-02); Youth Branch of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202111280033)
Contributor Information
伯华 陈 (Bohua CHEN), Email: bhchen@hotmail.com.
宏飞 相 (Hongfei XIANG), Email: xianghf@qdu.edu.cn.
References
- 1.Genevay S, Atlas SJ Lumbar spinal stenosis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2010;24(2):253–265. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.11.001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Xie YZ, Shi Y, Zhou Q, et al Comparison of the safety and efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion and uniportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion: a 1-year follow-up. J Orthop Surg Res. 2022;17(1):360. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03249-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Hara M, Takahashi H, Yokoyama Y, et al Comparison of the invasiveness of conventional discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: Differences in the methods of approach. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2015;8(1):40–47. doi: 10.1111/ases.12143. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Rasouli MR, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Shokraneh F, et al Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(9):CD010328. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010328.pub2. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Goldstein CL, Macwan K, Sundararajan K, et al Perioperative outcomes and adverse events of minimally invasive versus open posterior lumbar fusion: meta-analysis and systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;24(3):416–427. doi: 10.3171/2015.2.SPINE14973. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Pan M, Li Q, Li S, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: Indications and complications. Pain Physician, 2020, 23(1): 49-56.
- 7.Lv Z, Jin L, Wang K, et al Comparison of effects of peld and fenestration in the treatment of geriatric lumbar lateral recess stenosis. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:2187–2194. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S226295. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Zhao Y, Fan Y, Yang L, et al Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) via a transforaminal and interlaminar combined approach for very highly migrated lumbar disc herniation (LDH) between L4/5 and L5/S1 level. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e922777. doi: 10.12659/MSM.922777. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.朱斌, 田大胜, 陈磊, 等 单边双通道内镜技术在腰椎疾病中的应用研究进展. 中华骨科杂志. 2020;40(15):1030–1038. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121113-20200612-00383. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Heo DH, Son SK, Eum JH, et al Fully endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion using a percutaneous unilateral biportal endoscopic technique: technical note and preliminary clinical results. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;43(2):E8. doi: 10.3171/2017.5.Focus17146. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Heo DH, Quillo-Olvera J, Park CK Can percutaneous biportal endoscopic surgery achieve enough canal decompression for degenerative lumbar stenosis? Prospective case-control study. World Neurosurg. 2018;120:e684–e689. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.144. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Kim SK, Kang SS, Hong YH, et al Clinical comparison of unilateral biportal endoscopic technique versus open microdiscectomy for single-level lumbar discectomy: a multicenter, retrospective analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2018;13(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0725-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13.Park MK, Park SA, Son SK, et al Clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (ULIF) compared with conventional posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF): 1-year follow-up. Neurosurg Rev. 2019;42(3):753–761. doi: 10.1007/s10143-019-01114-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14.黄豪杰, 庞祖才, 冯学烽, 等 椎间混合植骨对微创腰椎融合术后椎间融合率的影响. 中国实用医药. 2021;16(19):8–11. doi: 10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2021.19.003. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 15.Komp M, Hahn P, Oezdemir S, et al Bilateral spinal decompression of lumbar central stenosis with the full-endoscopic interlaminar versus microsurgical laminotomy technique: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Pain Physician. 2015;18(1):61–70. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16.Alimi M, Hofstetter CP, Pyo SY, et al Minimally invasive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis in patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis: clinical outcome and reoperation rates. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015;22(4):339–352. doi: 10.3171/2014.11.SPINE13597. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.Storzer B, Schnake KJ. Microscopic bilateral decompression by unilateral approach in spinal stenosis. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25 Suppl 2: 270-271.
- 18.Heo DH, Sharma S, Park CK Endoscopic treatment of extraforaminal entrapment of l5 nerve root (far out syndrome) by unilateral biportal endoscopic approach: technical report and preliminary clinical results. Neurospine. 2019;16(1):130–137. doi: 10.14245/ns.1938026.013. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19.Park JH, Jun SG, Jung JT, et al Posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical foraminotomy and diskectomy with unilateral biportal endoscopy. Orthopedics. 2017;40(5):e779–e783. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20170531-02. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20.Hwa Eum J, Hwa Heo D, Son SK, et al Percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: a technical note and preliminary clinical results. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;24(4):602–607. doi: 10.3171/2015.7.SPINE15304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21.Heo DH, Park CK. Percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression for lumbar central stenosis and foraminal stenosis//Kim JS, Lee JH, Ahn Y. Endoscopic procedures on the spine. Singapore: Springer, 2020: 261-274.
- 22.江潮, 黄永辉, 左华, 等 单侧双通道内镜下腰椎融合术与微创经椎间孔腰椎融合术治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄伴不稳症的早期临床疗效. 中国医学科学院学报. 2022;44(4):563–569. [Google Scholar]
- 23.唐强, 钟德君, 王清, 等 椎间自体骨植骨面积比与椎间融合率的关系. 中国组织工程研究. 2021;25(36):5821–5826. doi: 10.12307/2021.349. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 24.Abudurexiti T, Qi L, Muheremu A, et al Micro-endoscopic discectomy versus percutaneous endoscopic surgery for lumbar disk herniation. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(9):3910–3917. doi: 10.1177/0300060518781694. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]













