Table 1.
The incident cases and age-standardized rate of incidence attributable to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases according to gender, cause, socio-demographic index regions, global burden of disease regions, and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.
| 1990 |
2019 |
1990–1999 |
2000–2009 |
2010–2019 |
1990–2019 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (95%CI) | N (95% CI) | AAPC (95% CI) | AAPC (95% CI) | AAPC (95% CI) | AAPC (95% CI) | |
| Age standardized rate | ||||||
| Overall | 1013.74 (888.58–1169.42) | 908.69 (786.07–1057.33) | −0.91 (−0.96, −0.87) | −0.28 (−0.37, −0.19) | 0.19 (−0.17, 0.54) | −0.34 (−0.46, −0.22) |
| Male | 936.49 (807.69–1098.63) | 844.27 (717.13–1004.97) | −0.90 (−0.96, −0.84) | −0.13 (−0.33, 0.06) | 0.11 (−0.26, 0.48) | −0.29 (−0.43, −0.15) |
| Female | 1092.27 (966.58–1243.79) | 973.24 (851.86–1115.20) | −0.93 (−0.97, −0.90) | −0.39 (−0.50, −0.27) | 0.20 (0.11, 0.29) | −0.38 (−0.43, −0.33) |
| Cause | ||||||
| Asthma | 580.09 (474.68–715.04) | 504.28 (400.64–633.26) | −1.47 (−1.55, −1.40) | −0.32 (−0.58, −0.07) | 0.54 (0.05, 1.02) | −0.41 (−0.59, −0.23) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 6.10 (5.35–6.96) | 4.97 (4.43–5.59) | −1.65 (−1.71, −1.59) | −0.16 (−0.29, −0.03) | −0.32 (−0.39, −0.26) | −0.72 (−0.77, −0.67) |
| Multiple sclerosis | 0.80 (0.70–0.90) | 0.74 (0.65–0.83) | −0.68 (−0.71, −0.65) | −0.12 (−0.13, −0.11) | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.03) | −0.26 (−0.27, −0.24) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 12.21 (11.13–13.38) | 13.00 (11.83–14.27) | 0.27 (0.23, 0.31) | 0.41 (0.40, 0.42) | −0.08 (−0.19, 0.02) | 0.21 (0.18, 0.25) |
| Psoriasis | 72.24 (69.70–74.72) | 57.78 (55.76–59.71) | −0.72 (−0.72, −0.71) | −0.76 (−0.76, −0.75) | −0.84 (−0.85,−0.83) | −0.77 (−0.78, −0.76) |
| Atopic dermatitis | 342.30 (327.04–358.42) | 327.91 (312.76–343.67) | −0.04 (−0.06, −0.03) | −0.15 (−0.16, −0.14) | −0.27 (−0.28, −0.27) | −0.15 (−0.16, −0.14) |
| SDI region | ||||||
| High SDI | 1505.32 (1289.94–1773.48) | 1441.66 (1225.91–1685.83) | −1.09 (−1.20, −0.98) | 0.31 (0.20, 0.41) | 0.24 (0.15, 0.33) | −0.14 (−0.21, −0.08) |
| High−middle SDI | 1013.46 (878.70–1180.79) | 931.65 (794.68–1094.39) | −0.61 (−0.84, −0.38) | −0.60 (−0.74, −0.45) | 0.61 (0.32, 0.89) | −0.23 (−0.37, −0.09) |
| Middle SDI | 965.01 (839.49–1123.07) | 903.46 (775.97–1062.31) | −0.69 (−0.74, −0.65) | −0.38 (−0.43,−0.32) | 0.40 (−0.05, 0.84) | −0.23 (−0.37, −0.09) |
| Low−middle SDI | 843.92 (744.71–963.28) | 766.86 (672.61–884.99) | −0.90 (−0.97, −0.84) | 0.00 (−0.17, 0.17) | 0.04 (−0.33, 0.42) | −0.27 (−0.41, −0.14) |
| Low SDI | 859.27 (741.80–999.00) | 798.54 (682.39–936.25) | −0.64 (−0.72, −0.56) | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.02) | 0.07 (−0.19, 0.34) | −0.22 (−0.31, −0.13) |
| GBD region | ||||||
| East Asia | 894.11 (774.31–1047.27) | 843.98 (726.72–1002.12) | −1.09 (−1.21, −0.98) | −0.77 (−0.91, −0.62) | 1.12 (−0.44, 2.71) | −0.26 (−0.76, 0.24) |
| Southeast Asia | 1137.98 (1007.04–1297.84) | 1110.15 (974.02–1281.29) | −0.30 (−0.33, −0.27) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.05) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.11) | −0.10 (−0.13, −0.07) |
| Oceania | 1312.62 (1158.42–1477.09) | 1194.09 (1060.93–1340.98) | −0.11 (−0.14, −0.08) | −0.60 (−0.63, −0.57) | −0.22 (−0.28, −0.16) | −0.32 (−0.35, −0.29) |
| Central Asia | 1116.28 (961.86–1299.42) | 1077.72 (915.85–1273.98) | −0.16 (−0.18,−0.13) | −0.35 (−0.41,−0.30) | 0.19 (0.14, 0.23) | −0.11 (−0.14,−0.09) |
| Central Europe | 1011.85 (871.77–1191.64) | 895.63 (746.27–1085.60) | −0.37 (−0.45, −0.30) | −0.69 (−0.73, −0.65) | −0.13 (−0.22, −0.03) | −0.42 (−0.46, −0.37) |
| Eastern Europe | 998.65 (841.63–1192.99) | 803.47 (658.87–977.26) | −0.68 (−0.80, −0.57) | −1.54 (−1.66, −1.42) | 0.16 (−0.04, 0.36) | −0.73 (−0.82,−0.64) |
| High−income Asia Pacific | 1466.17 (1281.85–1695.46) | 1168.98 (995.26–1378.25) | −1.18 (−1.33, −1.03) | −1.43 (−1.54, −1.32) | 0.29 (0.18, 0.40) | −0.84 (−0.91, −0.76) |
| Australasia | 1338.01 (1138.99–1551.76) | 1164.09 (984.84–1379.40) | 0.24 (−0.01, 0.50) | −1.70 (−1.84, −1.55) | −0.07 (−0.19, 0.05) | −0.49 (−0.60, −0.38) |
| Western Europe | 1353.20 (1210.93–1519.95) | 1229.29 (1072.90–1402.16) | −0.70 (−0.97,−0.43) | −0.24 (−0.28,−0.21) | −0.09 (−0.29, 0.11) | −0.34 (−0.44,−0.23) |
| Southern Latin America | 1255.43 (1101.48–1453.59) | 1263.50 (1076.81–1496.65) | 0.12 (0.00, 0.23) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.06) |
| High−income North America | 1826.13 (1487.93–2270.75) | 1911.37 (1603.78–2271.19) | −1.82 (−2.03, −1.61) | 1.47 (1.32, 1.62) | 0.69 (0.55, 0.82) | 0.21 (0.10, 0.31) |
| Caribbean | 1355.04 (1125.45–1626.43) | 1283.19 (1060.07–1549.93) | −0.29 (−0.31, −0.28) | −0.29 (−0.31, −0.28) | 0.12 (0.02, 0.22) | −0.17 (−0.20, −0.13) |
| Andean Latin America | 1293.82 (1042.51–1583.94) | 1118.89 (903.69–1402.55) | −0.68 (−0.73, −0.63) | −1.09 (−1.13, −1.06) | 0.37 (0.31, 0.43) | −0.51 (−0.54, −0.48) |
| Central Latin America | 982.24 (810.15–1192.05) | 845.25 (673.58–1055.32) | −1.05 (−1.19,−0.92) | −0.66 (−0.78,−0.54) | 0.25 (0.21, 0.28) | −0.53 (−0.59,−0.47) |
| Tropical Latin America | 1476.43 (1178.40–1839.26) | 1341.33 (1049.19–1666.04) | −0.48 (−0.66, −0.30) | −0.94 (−1.02, −0.87) | 0.55 (0.35, 0.75) | −0.34 (−0.44, −0.25) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 897.41 (768.64–1049.74) | 851.41 (718.70–1007.79) | −0.29 (−0.32,−0.26) | −0.47 (−0.49,−0.45) | 0.31 (0.22, 0.39) | −0.18 (−0.21,−0.15) |
| South Asia | 733.14 (649.63–827.25) | 672.56 (596.87–760.22) | −1.57 (−2.02,−1.13) | 0.85 (0.19, 1.51) | −0.28 (−0.57, 0.00) | −0.34 (−0.61,−0.07) |
| Central Sub−Saharan Africa | 816.85 (695.52–958.17) | 741.82 (627.48–883.02) | −0.34 (−0.35, −0.33) | −0.49 (−0.57, −0.40) | −0.14 (−0.19, −0.09) | −0.33 (−0.36, −0.30) |
| Eastern Sub−Saharan Africa | 943.32 (793.17–1131.35) | 852.92 (708.08–1030.73) | −0.57 (−0.64, −0.50) | −0.48 (−0.50, −0.46) | 0.06 (0.00, 0.13) | −0.34 (−0.37,−0.31) |
| Southern Sub−Saharan Africa | 779.75 (633.85–944.95) | 709.23 (576.11–868.27) | 0.35 (−0.07, 0.76) | −3.54 (−4.77, −2.31) | 3.28 (2.74, 3.83) | −0.06 (−0.53, 0.41) |
| Western Sub−Saharan Africa | 789.05 (666.42–944.59) | 715.11 (599.63–870.18) | −0.65 (−0.98, −0.32) | −0.41 (−0.47, −0.35) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) | −0.36 (−0.48, −0.23) |
| Number of incident cases | ||||||
| Overall | 55,906,499 (48,383,433–65,460,874) | 67,586,168 (58,788,402–77,980,783) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) | 0.75 (0.63, 0.88) | 1.13 (0.90, 1.37) | 0.68 (0.59, 0.77) |
| Male | 26,180,219 (22,235,358–31,447,992) | 31,442,524 (26,888,533–37,097,214) | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.11) | 0.85 (0.67, 1.03) | 1.07 (0.74, 1.41) | 0.68 (0.55, 0.80) |
| Female | 29,726,280 (26,136,610–34,237,346) | 36,143,644 (31,908,458–40,987,243) | 0.17 (0.14, 0.20) | 0.67 (0.64, 0.70) | 1.23 (1.14, 1.32) | 0.68 (0.65, 0.72) |
| Cause | ||||||
| Asthma | 32,163,213 (25,752,792–40,513,127) | 36,979,267 (29,601,976–45,928,112) | −0.52 (−0.60, −0.45) | 0.61 (0.38, 0.84) | 1.48 (1.04, 1.91) | 0.53 (0.37, 0.70) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 293,572 (257,425–336,651) | 404,552 (360,521–456,478) | 0.43 (0.30, 0.56) | 1.67 (1.62, 1.71) | 1.27 (1.21, 1.34) | 1.11 (1.06, 1.16) |
| Multiple sclerosis | 41,854 (36,306–47,445) | 59,345 (51,818–66,943) | 1.14 (1.10, 1.17) | 1.36 (1.35, 1.37) | 1.11 (1.08, 1.14) | 1.21 (1.20, 1.23) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 567,463 (519,417–621,415) | 1,074,391 (975,502–1,179,332) | 2.31 (2.28, 2.34) | 2.47 (2.46, 2.48) | 1.84 (1.75, 1.93) | 2.22 (2.19, 2.25) |
| Psoriasis | 3,653,236 (3,527,023–3,778,791) | 4,622,594 (4,458,904–4,780,771) | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.85 (0.84, 0.85) | 0.61 (0.60, 0.63) | 0.81 (0.80, 0.82) |
| Atopic dermatitis | 19,187,161 (18,290,469–20,163,445) | 24,446,018 (23,339,682–25,569,146) | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | 0.86 (0.86, 0.87) | 0.72 (0.70, 0.74) | 0.84 (0.82, 0.86) |
| SDI region | ||||||
| High SDI | 11,308,057 (9,894,762–13,026,205) | 12,088,206 (10,695,628–13,675,720) | −0.87 (−0.96, −0.77) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.93) | 0.69 (0.60, 0.78) | 0.25 (0.18, 0.32) |
| High−middle SDI | 11,390,468 (9,919,040–13,277,351) | 11,576,149 (10,234,863–13,168,363) | −0.38 (−0.61, −0.15) | −0.29 (−0.39, −0.19) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.24) | 0.09 (−0.02, 0.21) |
| Middle SDI | 17,217,439 (14,695,850–20,511,806) | 20,163,835 (17,515,593–23,332,662) | 0.22 (−0.01, 0.46) | 0.30 (0.20, 0.41) | 1.29 (1.07, 1.50) | 0.59 (0.47, 0.70) |
| Low−middle SDI | 10,430,368 (9,006,974–12,270,814) | 13,307,082 (11,596,864–15,359,307) | 0.47 (0.42, 0.52) | 1.26 (1.10, 1.41) | 0.87 (0.58, 1.16) | 0.90 (0.79, 1.01) |
| Low SDI | 5,522,262 (4,623,631–6,700,074) | 10,402,167 (8,603,854–12,719,419) | 2.01 (1.93, 2.10) | 2.69 (2.57, 2.81) | 2.04 (1.74, 2.33) | 2.25 (2.15, 2.36) |
| GBD region | ||||||
| East Asia | 10,690,192 (9,252,978–12,581,924) | 11,270,729 (10,033,558–12,788,729) | −0.26 (−0.85, 0.34) | −0.58 (−0.84, −0.32) | 1.83 (1.37, 2.29) | 0.28 (0.00, 0.56) |
| Southeast Asia | 5,520,353 (4,796,120–6,444,135) | 7,160,601 (6,320,548–8,165,612) | 0.91 (0.86, 0.95) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.83) | 0.88 (0.84, 0.92) |
| Oceania | 88,198 (75,687–102,467) | 162,617 (142,217–186,085) | 2.53 (2.48, 2.57) | 1.72 (1.65, 1.78) | 2.25 (2.09, 2.41) | 2.15 (2.10, 2.21) |
| Central Asia | 878,383 (742,184–1,047,408) | 1,019,637 (864,469–1,210,312) | −0.38 (−0.50, −0.26) | 0.17 (−0.09, 0.43) | 1.83 (1.78, 1.89) | 0.53 (0.44, 0.63) |
| Central Europe | 1,207,366 (1,049,354–1,402,317) | 869,178 (755,103–1,000,998) | −1.15 (−1.26,−1.05) | −1.53 (−1.58,−1.49) | −0.67 (−0.80, −0.53) | −1.14 (−1.20, −1.09) |
| Eastern Europe | 2,162,990 (1,846,212–2,545,314) | 1,382,432 (1,179,409–1,627,520) | −2.27 (−2.51, −2.04) | −2.37 (−2.46, −2.29) | 0.20 (−0.03, 0.43) | −1.51 (−1.63,−1.39) |
| High−income Asia Pacific | 2,258,416 (1,988,004–2,583,898) | 1,691,690 (1,513,016–1,891,154) | −1.07 (−1.16, −0.97) | −1.86 (−1.96, −1.75) | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) | −1.03 (−1.09, −0.98) |
| Australasia | 243,038 (209,273–278,595) | 286,422 (249,096–330,809) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.16) | −0.31 (−0.41, −0.20) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.57 (0.50, 0.64) |
| Western Europe | 4,763,790 (4,308,445–5,272,713) | 4,565,937 (4,109,690–5,053,466) | −0.69 (−0.87, −0.51) | 0.24 (0.13, 0.35) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) | −0.19 (−0.26,−0.11) |
| Southern Latin America | 633,000 (553,280–736,366) | 775,180 (671,334–903,964) | 0.79 (0.62, 0.95) | 0.58 (0.51, 0.64) | 0.82 (0.76, 0.87) | 0.72 (0.66, 0.78) |
| High−income North America | 4,662,400 (3,905,771–5,676,648) | 5,910,905 (5,129,336–6,821,981) | −1.17 (−1.45, −0.89) | 2.25 (2.05, 2.44) | 1.17 (1.00, 1.34) | 0.85 (0.71, 0.99) |
| Caribbean | 524,424 (432,880–632,393) | 557,437 (464,673–667,717) | 0.22 (0.18, 0.27) | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.36 (0.10, 0.62) | 0.19 (0.11, 0.27) |
| Andean Latin America | 627,462 (495,373–777,248) | 711,504 (575,085–893,222) | 0.23 (0.14, 0.31) | −0.52 (−0.60, −0.45) | 1.82 (1.75, 1.89) | 0.44 (0.39, 0.49) |
| Central Latin America | 1,926,142 (1,547,193–2,378,778) | 1,998,679 (1,604,735–2,490,472) | 0.14 (−0.10, 0.38) | −0.13 (−0.22, −0.04) | 0.45 (0.42, 0.48) | 0.13 (0.05, 0.21) |
| Tropical Latin America | 2,534,797 (1,993,882–3,218,798) | 2,557,679 (2,044,355–3,124,198) | −0.01 (−0.17, 0.14) | −0.54 (−0.61, −0.48) | 0.72 (0.56, 0.87) | 0.01 (−0.07, 0.09) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 3,496,870 (2,902,019–4,224,006) | 5,108,802 (4,286,740–6,082,702) | 1.39 (1.31, 1.46) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 1.59 (1.49, 1.69) | 1.32 (1.28, 1.36) |
| South Asia | 8,465,092 (7,460,147–9,802,521) | 11,614,829 (10,330,682–13,169,438) | −0.02 (−0.48, 0.43) | 2.61 (1.95, 3.28) | 0.65 (0.37, 0.93) | 1.07 (0.79, 1.34) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 574,128 (463,728–704,268) | 1,163,850 (945,928–1,431,971) | 2.50 (2.47, 2.52) | 2.55 (2.52, 2.58) | 2.36 (2.32, 2.41) | 2.47 (2.45, 2.49) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 2,337,638 (1,878,499–2,929,628) | 4,284,839 (3,413,453–5,375,525) | 1.98 (1.84, 2.13) | 2.12 (2.07, 2.16) | 2.28 (2.14, 2.41) | 2.12 (2.05, 2.19) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 450,736 (356,336–561,184) | 554,527 (447,968–685,629) | 1.91 (1.42, 2.39) | −3.15 (−4.52, −1.75) | 4.57 (3.98, 5.17) | 1.01 (0.48, 1.55) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 1,861,085 (1,503,020–2,320,718) | 3,938,693 (3,155,961–4,963,753) | 2.39 (2.26, 2.52) | 2.99 (2.87, 3.11) | 2.49 (2.46, 2.53) | 2.59 (2.52, 2.65) |