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. 2023 Aug 8;621(7979):511–515. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06507-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 4 — a, The procedures of isolating MWL and FPL. b, Comparisons of isolation conditions. The MWL isolation method required time-consuming milling of wood into fine power and repeated solvent extractions, making it is an extremely energy-intensive and high-cost process. The FPL isolation method used larger particles, much less solvents, and shorter separation time, and yielded more lignin.