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. 2023 Sep 13;621(7979):550–557. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06418-5

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 15 — This figure includes the results from correcting at-birth Z-scores in the ki cohorts that measured gestational age (GA) for 37,218 measurements in 5 cohorts. The number in the parentheses following each cohort name indicates the prevalence of pre-term birth in each cohort. The corrections are using the Intergrowth standards and are implemented using the R growthstandards package (https://ki-tools.github.io/growthstandards/). Overall, the stunting prevalence at birth decreased slightly after correcting for gestational age, but the cohort-specific results are inconsistent. Observations with GA outside of the Intergrowth standards range (<168 or > 300 days) were dropped for both the corrected and uncorrected data. Prevalence increased after GA correction in some cohorts due to high rates of late-term births based on reported GA. Gestational age was estimated based on mother’s recall of the last menstrual period in the Jivita-3, IRC, and CMC-V-BCS-2002 cohorts, was based on the Dubowitz method (newborn exam) in the Keneba cohort and was based on ultrasound measurements in the PROBIT trial.