FIGURE 4. An end-to-end open science framework for hypothesis formulation and testing.

Hypotheses are preliminarily tested and refined by re-analysing existing data. This step can either be carried out by using a publicly available dataset that is similar to the target scenario, or via data simulation. The refined hypotheses are then tested on a new experiment. Data stored in a standardised format (e.g., CND) can then be analysed with the same procedure used with the preliminary data. The proposed standardised data structure connects these steps into a cohesive end-to-end framework, enabling the immediate use of the resources in this project, such as analysis tools and simulation toolkit.