Skip to main content
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health logoLink to Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
. 1986 Jun;40(2):188–192. doi: 10.1136/jech.40.2.188

Blood pressure and salt intake in Malawi: an urban rural study.

D Simmons, G Barbour, J Congleton, J Levy, P Meacher, H Saul, T Sowerby
PMCID: PMC1052519  PMID: 3746184

Abstract

A significant difference between the blood pressures of rural and urban Malawians was found in both sexes, was present at the age of 15 years, and was associated with obesity but not with smoking, alcohol consumption, occupation or housing. Pulse rate was significantly lower in the urban group. These differences were accompanied by low potassium and sodium intake although the sodium intake in the urban group was double that in the rural group. No direct relation between blood pressure and urinary electrolytes was found.

Full text

PDF
188

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. MANN G. V., SHAFFER R. D., ANDERSON R. S., SANDSTEAD H. H. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN THE MASAI. J Atheroscler Res. 1964 Jul-Aug;4:289–312. doi: 10.1016/s0368-1319(64)80041-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. MacGregor G. A., Smith S. J., Markandu N. D., Banks R. A., Sagnella G. A. Moderate potassium supplementation in essential hypertension. Lancet. 1982 Sep 11;2(8298):567–570. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90657-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Meneely G. R., Battarbee H. D. High sodium-low potassium environment and hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1976 Nov 23;38(6):768–785. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(76)90356-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Miall W. E. Follow-up Study of Arterial Pressure in the Population of a Welsh Mining Valley. Br Med J. 1959 Dec 5;2(5161):1204–1210. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5161.1204. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Poulter N., Khaw K. T., Hopwood B. E., Mugambi M., Peart W. S., Rose G., Sever P. S. Blood pressure and its correlates in an African tribe in urban and rural environments. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1984 Sep;38(3):181–185. doi: 10.1136/jech.38.3.181. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. ROSE G. STANDARDISATION OF OBSERVERS IN BLOOD-PRESSURE MEASUREMENT. Lancet. 1965 Mar 27;1(7387):673–674. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91827-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. SCOTCH N. A. A preliminary report on the relation of sociocultural factors to hypertension among the Zulu. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1960 Dec 8;84:1000–1009. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb39132.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Shaper A. G., Leonard P. J., Jones K. W., Jones M. Environmental effects on the body build, blood pressure and blood chemistry of nomadic warriors serving in the army in Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1969 May;46(5):282–289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Shaper A. G., Saxton G. A. Blood pressure and body build in a rural community in Uganda. East Afr Med J. 1969 May;46(5):228–245. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Shaper A. G., Wright D. H., Kyobe J. Blood pressure and body build in three nomadic tribes of northern Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1969 May;46(5):273–281. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Simmons D. Blood pressure, ethnic group, and salt intake in Belize. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1983 Mar;37(1):38–42. doi: 10.1136/jech.37.1.38. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Smith S. J., Markandu N. D., Sagnella G. A., MacGregor G. A. Moderate potassium chloride supplementation in essential hypertension: is it additive to moderate sodium restriction? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985 Jan 12;290(6462):110–113. doi: 10.1136/bmj.290.6462.110. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Truswell A. S., Kennelly B. M., Hansen J. D., Lee R. B. Blood pressures of Kung bushmen in Northern Botswana. Am Heart J. 1972 Jul;84(1):5–12. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(72)90299-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Vaughan J. P. Blood pressure and heart murmurs in a rural population in the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ. 1979;57(1):89–97. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Watt G. C., Foy C. J. Dietary sodium and arterial pressure: problems of studies within a single population. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1982 Sep;36(3):197–201. doi: 10.1136/jech.36.3.197. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Williams A. W. Blood pressure differences in Kikuyu and Samburu communities in Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1969 May;46(5):262–272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Wright B. M., Dore C. F. A random-zero sphygmomanometer. Lancet. 1970 Feb 14;1(7642):337–338. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90709-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES