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. 2023 Sep 12;11(9):2513. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11092513

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Effects of TGF-β2 on (A) the mean sizes of the 3D HCSF spheroids at day 3 and (B) day 6, and (C,D) physical solidity of the 3D HCSF spheroids on day 6. In the absence or presence of 1 nM or 5 nM TGF-β2, 3D HCSF spheroids were prepared during a 6-day culture, and their physical properties were determined. The mean sizes of the 3D HCSF spheroids at day 3 (A) and day 6 (B) are plotted (n = 10 each). (C) shows a physical stiffness analysis using a micro-squeezer; a single living 3D HCSFs spheroid at Day 6 was compressed until reaching its semi-diameter, and the force required (μN) was measured over a period of 20 s (S: 3D spheroid, P: compressing plate, M: micro-squeezer). The resulting force/displacement (μN/μm) values are plotted in (D) (n = 15 each). Data are presented as the arithmetic mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.001 (ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s multiple comparison test).