Figure 1.

The dose–response relationship between the carbohydrate energy percentage and serum Klotho level among 10,669 participants. The restricted cubic spline curve was created out with 3 knots at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of carbohydrate energy percentage. The reference point is the maximum percentage change in Klotho. The solid line represents point estimation on the association of the carbohydrate energy percentage with serum Klotho, and the shaded portion represents 95% CI estimation. The model was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, PIR, education attainment, ethnicity, serum cotinine, alcohol drinking, diabetes, hypertension, eGFR, dietary energy intake, and dietary fiber.