Table 2.
The association between the carbohydrate energy percentage and serum Klotho levels among all participants.
| Carbohydrate Intake, % of kcal | N | Crude Model | Adjusted Model * | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Changes (%) and 95% CI | p Value | Percent Changes (%) and 95% CI | p Value | ||
| Per 10% increases | 2.17 (1.37, 2.98) | <0.001 | 1.59 (0.77, 2.42) | <0.001 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | 2667 | −6.63 (−8.66, −4.55) | <0.001 | −5.37 (−7.43, −3.26) | <0.001 |
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | 2667 | −3.33 (−5.15, −1.47) | <0.001 | −2.70 (−4.51, −0.86) | 0.006 |
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | 2667 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q4 (≥56.20) | 2668 | −2.33 (−4.46, −0.16) | 0.039 | −2.76 (−4.86, −0.62) | 0.014 |
* Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, race, education level, PIR, serum cotinine, alcohol drinking, diabetes, hypertension, eGFR, dietary energy intake and dietary fiber. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval.