Table 4.
The relationship between the carbohydrate energy percentage and serum Klotho levels, stratified by age, sex, BMI and diabetes.
| Participants | Carbohydrate Intake, % of kcal | Percent Changes (%) and 95% CI | p Value | * p for Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0.517 | |||
| <60 | Per 10% increases | 2.07 (0.99, 3.17) | <0.001 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | −7.21 (−9.81, −4.54) | <0.001 | ||
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | −3.49(−5.97, −0.94) | 0.01 | ||
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q4 (≥56.20) | −3.53 (−6.51, −0.46) | 0.028 | ||
| ≥60 | Per 10% increases | 0.92 (−0.47, 2.33) | 0.198 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | −2.47 (−6.01, 1.19) | 0.189 | ||
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | −1.84 (−5.22, 1.66) | 0.302 | ||
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q4 (≥56.20) | −1.38 (−5.22, 2.60) | 0.493 | ||
| Sex | 0.619 | |||
| male | Per 10% increases | 1.86 (0.79, 2.94) | 0.001 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | −6.65 (−9.60, −3.60) | <0.001 | ||
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | −5.09 (−7.57, −2.54) | <0.001 | ||
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q4 (≥56.20) | −3.56 (−7.45, 0.48) | 0.089 | ||
| female | Per 10% increases | 1.49 (0.46, 2.53) | 0.006 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | −4.68(−7.72, −1.54) | 0.005 | ||
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | −0.74 (−3.77, 2.39) | 0.642 | ||
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q4 (≥56.20) | −2.20 (−5.39, 1.10) | 0.194 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.079 | |||
| <30 | Per 10% increases | 2.00 (0.84, 3.17) | 0.001 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | −7.64 (−10.45, −4.75) | <0.001 | ||
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | −4.01 (−6.52, −1.43) | 0.004 | ||
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q4 (≥56.20) | −3.90 (−6.66, −1.05) | 0.01 | ||
| ≥30 | Per 10% increases | 1.04 (−0.02, 2.11) | 0.059 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | −2.01 (−5.62, 1.74) | 0.295 | ||
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | −0.54 (−3.96, 3.00) | 0.762 | ||
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q4 (≥56.20) | −0.89 (−4.39, 2.73) | 0.625 | ||
| Diabetes | 0.336 | |||
| No | Per 10% increases | 1.64 (0.72, 2.58) | <0.001 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | −6.06 (−8.18, −3.89) | <0.001 | ||
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | −2.80 (−4.88, −0.66) | 0.013 | ||
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q4 (≥56.20) | −2.91 (−5.33, −0.43) | 0.025 | ||
| Yes | Per 10% increases | 1.26 (−0.45, 3.01) | 0.154 | |
| Q1 (<41.46) | −2.42 (−7.17, 2.57) | 0.339 | ||
| Q2 (41.46 to 48.92) | −1.99 (−6.53, 2.76) | 0.408 | ||
| Q3 (48.92 to 56.20) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q4 (≥56.20) | −2.39 (−6.85, 2.29) | 0.316 |
* p value for interaction of carbohydrate intake with age, sex, BMI or diabetes. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.