Corrigendum to The reliability and validity of novel clinical strength measures of the upper body in older adults

Corrigendum to The reliability and validity of novel clinical strength measures of the upper body in older adults. Journal of Hand Therapy 25 (4): 130–138. DOI: 10.1177/1758998320957373.

It has been identified the calculations used to establish the minimal detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were incorrect in the original manuscript. The corrected SEM was calculated as $SD\sqrt{1-ICC}$ . ¹ In addition, SEM is referred to in the original manuscript as the standard error of the mean, this is incorrect and is calculated as the standard error of measurement. The corrected minimal detectable change (MDC) at the 90% confidence interval was calculated using $MD{C}_{90}=SEM\times \sqrt{2/3}\times 1.65$ and reported as an absolute and a percentage score. ²

Table 3.2.

Differences between sessions one and two for the novel and traditional strength measures.

		Mean ± SD (Kg)		Session differences
		Session 1	Session 2	S2-S1 (Kg)	SEM	ICC	95% CI	CV%RMS	MDC90	MDC90%
Novel strength measures
CON	D	21.3 ± 11.6	21.2 ± 12.7	−0.13	1.68	0.98*	0.942–.993	9.3	2.26	11
	ND	23.0 ± 14.1	22.4 ± 14.1	−0.52	1.84	0.98*	0.954–.976	12.2	2.48	11
ECC	D	28.0 ± 13.8	27.2 ± 14.3	−0.75	1.96	0.98*	0.948–.993	8.7	2.64	9
	ND	26.9 ± 13.5	25.4 ± 13.0	−1.51	2.42	0.97*	0.899–.989	11.6	3.26	12
POT	D	27.1 ± 12.6	28.3 ± 11.5	1.19	3.52	0.92*	0.799–.971	13.5	4.74	18
	ND	26.6 ± 12.0	27.9 ± 11.9	1.33	2.92	0.94*	0.915–.989	13.6	3.93	15
Traditional strength measures
HG	D	34.7 ± 15.1	35.1 ± 14.4	0.39	2.34	0.98*	0.936–.991	6.4	3.15	9
	ND	32.6 ± 16.6	33.6 ± 16.3	0.84	1.89	0.99*	0.965–.995	7	2.55	8
SA	D	14.6 ± 6.5	14.4 ± 6.3	−0.16	1.69	0.93*	0.823–.975	11.4	2.27	16
	ND	15.3 ± 6.7	15.2 ± 6.2	−0.10	1.69	0.94*	0.836–.977	10.3	2.28	15
SF	D	17.3 ± 6.6	17.1 ± 7.1	−0.20	1.22	0.97*	0.909–.988	6.9	1.65	10
	ND	17.7 ± 6.7	17.7 ± 7.2	−0.02	1.18	0.97*	0.917–.989	6.2	1.59	9
EE	D	18.6 ± 7.3	18.9 ± 7.3	0.35	0.98	0.98*	0.952–994	5.5	1.32	7
	ND	18.6 ± 7.6	19.5 ± 7.5	0.87	1.31	0.97*	0.920–.989	7.2	1.76	9

D: Dominant arm, ND: Non-dominant arm, CON: Concentric, ECC: Eccentric, POT: Push off Test, HG: Handgrip, SA: Shoulder abduction, SF: Shoulder flexion, EE: Elbow extension, SEM: Standard error of measurement, MDC: Minimal detectable change, ICC: Intraclass correlation coefficient, CI: Confidence interval, CV%_RMS: Root-mean-squared coefficient of variation.

*Significant ICC test-retest reliability p < 0.001.

The reported ranges for absolute reliability increased from SEM: 0.17–1.15 to SEM: 0.98–3.52; and the MDC_90% from 2.1-9.9% to 7–18%. The changes have been made to Table 3.2 to reflect the new values. Despite the initial errors in calculation, similar to the initial findings the traditional strength measures generally performed better than the novel strength measures. The higher values reported for the novel strength measures (POT, CON and ECC) should be considered when evaluating longitudinal changes during clinical assessment.