Table 2.

In vivo studies in C57BL/6 mice.

Classification	Compound/Extract	Source	Dose; Duration	Efficacy	Mechanism	Reference
Phytosterol	$\beta$-sitosterol	Rehmannia glutinosa DC., Dioscorea opposite Thunb., Cervi Cornu Colla, Angelica sinensis Diels, Dipsacus asper Wall., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Astragalus membranaceus Moench.	25 mg/kg/day; 14 days	Regulation of the pathological process of PCOS	↑LIF, HOXA10, Integrin $\alpha \mathrm{\nu }\beta$ 3 ↓COX-2	[28]
Flavanol	Catechins	Oolong tea or Camellia sinensis	25, 50, 100 mg/kg;	Alleviation of ovarian dysfunction and insulin resistance	↑p-IRS1, p-PI3K ↓NF-κB, P65, IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP2, MMP9, p-STAT3	[16]
Carotenoid	Crocetin	Crocus sativus Linné	40 mg/kg/day; 4 weeks	Attenuation of PCOS	↑POA-GnRH, AVPV-kiss1 ↓ARC-kiss1	[29]
Terpene	Tanshinone IIA	Salvia miltiorrhiza	100 mg/kg/day; 4 weeks	Treatment of PCOS	↑FSHR, Aromatase, cAMP	[30]
Decoction	FuFang ZhenZhu TiaoZhi	Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Coptis chinensis Franch., Citrus medica L., Panax notoginseng F.H.Chen, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Cirsium japonicum (Thunb.)	2.892 g/kg/day; 5 weeks	Preventive benefits of PCOS	↑Adiponectin, PPAR-$\gamma$	[31]

PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; HOXA10, homeobox A10; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; p-IRS1, phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1; p-PI3K, phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; IL-1$\beta$, interleukin-1; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-a; MMP, matrix metallopeptidase; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; POA-GnRH, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the preoptic area at proestrus; AVPV-kiss1, kisspeptin in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus at proestrus; ARC-kiss1, kisspeptin in the arcuate nucleus at diestrus; FSHR, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PPAR-$\gamma$, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-$\gamma$; ↑, up-regulation; ↓, down-regulation.