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. 2023 Sep 23;11(10):2617. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11102617

Table 1.

Non-invasive brain stimulation in post-stroke aphasia (PSA).

Methods Major Characteristics Advantages Limitations References
rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation)
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    Generates a magnetic pulse that influences various cerebral cortex regions.

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    Regularly applied pulses of a specific frequency within about 15 min.

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    Low-frequency stimulation (<1 Hz) inhibits cortical excitability while high-frequency stimulation (>1 Hz) amplifies it.

 Balances excitability across hemispheres and realigns the linguistic network. Requires the formulation of an optimal treatment protocol; must consider individual variability. [205,206,207]
tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation)
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    Non-invasive and secure method for brain stimulation.

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    Polarizes neuronal cell membranes, modulating cortical excitation levels.

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    Induced cortical changes are determined by the electrode pole.

 Aids in normalizing brain activity, fostering self-recovery. Further extensive clinical trials needed for a broader PSA group. [208]