Skip to main content
. 2023 Oct 20;12(20):3854. doi: 10.3390/foods12203854

Table 2.

Bioactivities and applications of chitooligosaccharides.

Sources Applications and Bioactivities References
Shrimp shell CHOSs 1. Antioxidant activities
2. Antimicrobial activities
[30]
Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities [64,98]
Decrease in TNF-α, NO, and IL-6 levels in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages
Reduce reactive oxygen species formation, NF-κB upregulation, phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt, and Nrf2/HO-1
[109]
Enhance shrimp oil emulsion stability with augmented oxidative stability [91]
Squid pen CHOSs 1. Antioxidant activities
2. Inhibit lipid oxidation and extend shelf life of refrigerated sardine surimi gel
3. Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PSU.SCB.16S.11, Listeria monocytogenes F2365, Vibrio parahaemolyticus PSU.SCB.16S.14, Staphylococcus aureus DMST 4745, and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis S5–371
[9]
Inhibit discoloration and shelf-life extension of yellowfin tuna slices at 4 °C in combination with oxygen-based MAP [88]
Inhibit discoloration and shelf-life extension of yellowfin tuna slices at 4 °C [89]
Extend shelf-life extension of Asian sea bass slices stored at 4 °C for 12 days in combination with high-voltage cold atmospheric plasma [90]
Enhance gel strength of surimi gel [146]
CHOSs Enhance DPPH radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and reducing power [84]
Lower blood glucose levels in diabetic rats [18]
1. Improve glucose metabolism via lowering fasting blood glucose and insulin levels
2. Upregulation in mRNA expression of GLUT 4 in muscle and adipose tissue
[100]
Reduce activity of carbohydrase enzymes [101]
Reduce blood glucose and lipid levels via downregulations of PEPCK, FBPase, and G6Pase [104]
Reduce TNF-α, IL-8, COX-2, and PGE2 levels in LPS-induced A549 cells [65]
Suppress PC3 (prostate cancer cell), A549 (lung cancer cell), and HepG2 (hepatoma cell) growths [116]
Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 through suppression of both RdRp and E genes [131]
Antimicrobial activity: inhibition of Vibrio vulnificus [136]
Antimicrobial activity: inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [137]
Alleviated TNF-α production [110]