Table 5.
Significant clinical outcomes for the RCTs intervention group.
| Author/Date/Reported Mean and Outcomes Measure |
Baseline | Interim Follow-Up |
Final Follow-Up |
Within Group Change (p Value) | Between-Group Difference at Final Follow-Up (p Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saslow et al. (2017) mean (SD b) and mean EMM c (95% CI) [42] | |||||
| HbA1c a (%) | 7.1 (0.4) | 16 weeks = 6.2 (−1.1, −0.6) | 32 weeks = 6.3 (−1.1, −0.6) | −0.8 (−1.1, −0.6) | −0.5 (−0.8, −0.2) 0.002 |
| Weight (kg) | 109.7 (24.9) | 16 weeks = 101.4 (−11.9, −5.2) | 32 weeks = 96.3 (−7.3, 1.3) | −12.7 (−16.1 to −9.2) | −9.6 (−14.0, −5.3) <0.001 |
| Remission (%) | - | - | 32 weeks = 55% | - | - |
| Chen et al. (2020) mean (SD), (95% CI e) [17] |
|||||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.00 (0.39) | - | 12 weeks = 5.77 (0.34) | <0.001 | −0.10 (95% CI e, 0.22, −0.03) 0.120 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.8 (11.7) | - | 12 weeks = 65.6 (11.7) | <0.001 | −1.4 (95% CI e 2.2, −0.6) <0.001 |
| BMI d (kg/m2) | 25.5 (2.9) | - | 12 weeks = 24.8 (2.9) | <0.001 | −0.5 (95% CI e 0.9, −0.2) 0.006 |
a HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c (glycosylated haemoglobin), b Standard deviation, c EMM: estimated marginal means, d Body mass index, e Confidence intervals. Data were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05.