Table 6.
Significant clinical outcomes for non-RCTs.
| Author/Date/Reported Mean and Outcomes Measure |
Baseline | Interim Follow-Up |
Final Follow-Up |
Within Group Change Mean Change (SD) (p Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hallberg et al. (2018) mean (SD) [41] | ||||
| HbA1c a (%) Completers (n = 204) |
7.5 (1.4) | - | 1-year = 6.20 (0.9) | −1.3 (1.3) <10−16 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) Completers (n = 184) |
115.4 (24.6) | - | 1-year = 101.2 (22.06) | −14.2 (10.3) <10−16 |
| Remission | 1-year = 25% | |||
| Athinarayanan et al. (2019) mean (SD) [40] | ||||
| HbA1c a (%) | 7.6 (1.5) | 1-year = 6.2 (0.9) | 2-years = 6.6 (1.3) | −0.9 (±0.1) 0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 116.5 (25.9) | 1-year = 101.1 (22.2) | 2-years = 102.5 (25.2) | −11.9 ± 0.9 4.6 × 10−26 |
| Remission (%) | - | - | 2-years = 17.6% | - |
| Summers et al. (2021) mean (SD) [13] | ||||
| HbA1c a | 7.5 (1.65) | - | 1-year = 7.1 (1.44) | −0.4% <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) Completers (>9 modules) |
91.5 (15.1) | - | 1-year = 87.7 (14.5) | −3.8 (2.4) <0.001 |
| Saslow et al. (2018) mean (SD) [43] | ||||
| HbA1c a (%) Completers (n = 528) |
7.4 (1.8) | - | 1-year = 6.2 (1.2) | −1.2 (1.4) <0.001 |
| Weight (kg), Completers (n = 528) |
88.8 (22.2) | - | 1-year = 81.4 (17.9) | −7.5 (12.6) <0.001 |
| Remission | - | - | 1-year = 26.2% | - |
Standard deviation (SD), a HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin, p value within the group (intervention) change and between groups (intervention and control). Data were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05.