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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 30.
Published in final edited form as: Biomarkers. 2018 Dec 9;24(3):240–248. doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2018.1548031

Table 3.

Summary statistics (using lognormal distributions) of 28 PVOCs (ng/ml) detected in human urine across n = 120 samples from 28 human subjects

Compound LOD # Imputed GM GSD 95% FR Min p25 median p75 p95 p99 Max
Isovaleraldehyde 0.379 0 3.798 2.374 29.66 0.662 2.000 4.149 6.490 14.70 36.71 39.32
2-Pentanone 0.293 0 173.6 3.133 87.93 1.626 81.46 162.7 410.4 967.5 1513 2105
4-Methyl-2-pentanone 0.125 0 4.323 2.612 43.13 0.208 2.387 4.424 8.224 16.67 20.66 26.03
2-Butanone 0.605 1 69.27 2.389 30.38 7.037 35.70 64.64 118.1 301.5 452.6 465.8
Pyrrole 0.083 1 15.96 3.060 80.21 0.842 7.891 15.40 29.60 116.3 167.6 259.9
4-Heptanone 0.417 1 62.02 5.505 801.0 0.701 21.38 70.24 214.5 731.8 2578 3678
Dimethyl disulfide 0.026 2 3.388 2.795 56.18 0.088 2.072 3.668 6.745 18.15 21.27 22.36
Carvone 0.614 5 8.430 9.183 5954 0.027 2.078 6.617 20.75 540.9 4129 5665
1-Pentanol 0.138 6 0.754 2.697 48.85 0.056 0.344 0.816 1.597 3.118 3.417 19.03
Pentanal 0.660 8 5.657 2.987 72.90 0.324 3.017 6.130 10.69 27.80 108.9 116.6
Allyl isothiocyanate 0.024 16 0.611 16.95 6.58E+4 <LOD 0.097 0.596 2.940 98.71 732.7 735.1
2-Methyl-1-propanol 1.402 24 6.176 7.680 2955 <LOD 1.761 4.402 39.23 103.0 344.0 1007
Hexanal 8.342 28 21.63 2.598 42.20 <LOD 10.10 22.17 46.70 86.83 113.5 118.5
3-Methyl-1-butanol 0.237 37 0.525 4.539 376.1 <LOD <LOD 0.452 1.633 7.618 15.94 28.09
2-Methyl-propanal 1.782 40 3.632 3.019 76.00 <LOD <LOD 3.514 7.909 18.05 40.10 43.53
2 - Ethoxy-2-methyl propane 0.027 54 0.676 22.78 2.10E+5 <LOD 0.071 0.316 14.99 51.76 113.1 162.5
1-Propanol 1.249 63 0.894 11.95 1.67E+4 <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.567 93.45 221.8 320.5
Furfural 0.401 63 0.413 2.423 32.10 <LOD <LOD 0.407 0.745 1.705 2.584 3.114
Benzaldehyde 1.374 68 1.010 4.365 322.6 <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.405 15.01 21.15 23.62
1-Hexanol 0.160 71 0.062 8.476 4351 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.232 1.246 5.048 211.4
Amylene hydrate 3.210 74 6.763 4.242 288.5 <LOD <LOD 6.469 21.98 58.87 173.5 435.6
2-Ethyl-1-butanol 0.092 82 0.057 5.926 1070 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.155 1.320 1.893 4.158
Heptanal 3.090 86 2.613 1.605 6.383 <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.497 5.624 7.760 8.236
4-Methyl-2-pentanol 0.065 105 0.004 17.19 6.95E+4 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.453 2.397 4.622
1-Heptanol 0.177 107 0.012 11.62 1.50E+4 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.727 2.064 7.511
1-Butanol 1.360 112 0.004 69.14 1.63E+7 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.952 28.03 538.8
Octanal 18.01 114 6.957 2.007 15.34 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 21.45 33.99 43.82
3-Methyl-3-pentanol 0.065 118 0.000 645.1 1.03E+11 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.296 4.970

Abbreviations: FR: fold range; GM: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation; LOD: limit of detection; Max: maximum; Min: minimum; p25: 25th percentile; p75: 75th percentile; p95 95th percentile; p99: 99th percentile