Correction: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (2023) 42:74 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-023-00423-0
Following publication of the original article [1], Figs. 3 and 4 and Table 1 were found to contain overlap with a separate article [2]. The corrected figures and table are shown below.
Fig. 3.
Role of magnesium in various physiological and pathological consequences. Mg is associated with immune response (A), cancer progression (B), infectious diseases (C), and inflammation (D). Inflammation is induced by magnesium depletion via numerous signaling mechanisms [40, 103]. NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate, RAAS the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Fig. 4.
Intracellular Mg deprivation induces oxidative stress including malfunction in mitochondria [40]. ATP adenosine triphosphate, ETC electron transport chain, F0F1-ATPases membrane-bound ATP synthases, IMAC inner membrane anion channel, KATP ATP-sensitive K channel, MnSOD manganese superoxide dismutase, MRS2 mitochondrial RNA splicing 2, PTP permeability transition pore, ROS reactive oxygen species, VDAC voltage-dependent anion channel
Table 1.
Relevance of Mg deficiency in various pathological abnormalities as investigated in animal model and clinical trials
| Biomarkers | Findings | Refs |
|---|---|---|
| ↑ IL-1a, IL-6, NO, and VCAM | Mg deficiency promoted inflammation and angiogenesis. Low content of Mg provoked increased level of IL-1a, IL-6, NO, and VCAM | [82] |
| ↑MCP-1, MT, RANTES | Decreased level of Mg in erythrocytes of atherosclerotic patients. Decreased NK cells cytotoxicity potential | [83] |
| Alkaline phosphatase | Reduction in dietary Mg by 50% resulted in reduced bone mineral content and the volume of distal femur | [84] |
| Elastin/collagen ratio | Long term Mg deficiency in diet results in cardiovascular risk in rats | [85] |
| Plasma IL-6, fibrinogen, and erythrocytic lysophosphatidylcholine | Long term Mg deficiency in diet of aging rats is related to high blood pressure, inflammation, and oxidative distress | [85,86] |
| CRP, IL-6, TNF-α R2, soluble VCAM-1 | Dietary Mg connectivity to inflammatory biomarkers and endothelial dysfunction in post-menopausal women in a cohort study | [87] |
| IL-8, NF-kB | Potential interplay of NF-kB and PPARY in cultured human endothelial cells | [88] |
| IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha | Dietary Mg deficiency was induced in rodents to execute inflammatory responses as evidenced with high levels of ILs in circulation | [89] |
| ROS, ↑ 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanine, and ↑ IL-1 and IL-6 | Low Mg was related to aging, oxidative distress, atherosclerosis, and other vascular disorders | [90] |
| Markers not reported | Mg sulfate reduced asthma in patients not responding to conventional medicine and steroidal drugs. Similarly, 68% of children hospitalization was reduced by Mg sulfate | [91] |
| Markers not reported | Intravenous administration of Mg sulfate reduced acute asthmatic inflammation when not responded to the first-line treatment | [92] |
| IL-6, ↑ alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein and ↑ fibrinogen | Inflammatory responses in response to acute deficient Mg in rat | [93] |
| ↓ IL-6, CRP, and NF-kB | Clinically, Mg was recommended in covid-19 infected patients | [95] |
| Serum Mg level | No positive correlation between Mg deficiency and covid-19 infected myocardial diseases | [97] |
| A comprehensive review report | Mg deficiency is linked to diabetes, heart failure, and other cardiac issues | [104] |
CRP C-reactive protein, IL interleukin, Mg magnesium, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, NF-kB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NO nitric oxide, RANTES regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, ROS reactive oxygen species, TNF tumor necrosis factor, VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule
The updated version aligns with ethical guidelines and policies and includes sufficient reference to previous articles. The authors sincerely apologize for the errors. The errors do not affect the conclusion of the article.
Figures 3 and 4 and Table 1 have been updated in this correction and the original article [1] has been corrected.
Footnotes
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References
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