Abstract
Pisum sativum L. cv Alsweet (garden pea) and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. flacca (mutant tomato) were chosen to evaluate the metabolic basis for plant injury from combinations of O3 + SO2. The plants were exposed under conditions reported to specifically alter O3 or SO2 toxicity; light versus dark exposures, and treatment with the fungal metabolite fusicoccin (FC), the O3 injury inhibitor N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidiny) ethyl]-N′-phenylurea (EDU), and the SO2 injury stimulator diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC). Plants were grown in controlled environment chambers and exposed to combinations of O3 (0.05-0.2 microliters per liter) and SO2 (0.1-0.3 microliters per liter) for 2 hours. Peas treated with FC had the same or greater injury (quantified by visual rating) with O3 + SO2 exposures compared to plants not treated with FC. For plants with open stomata in the dark as well as light, i.e. FC-treated peas and tomatoes, there was no change or an increase in foliar necrosis with O3 + SO2 exposures in the dark versus light. Peas treated with EDU had an almost complete absence of O3 injury, no change in SO2 injury, and moderate decreases in injury from combinations of O3 + SO2 compared to plants not treated with EDU. Tomatoes treated with DDTC showed the same or less injury compared to plants not treated with DDTC and exposed to O3 or SO2. The plant responses to the experimental treatments and O3 + SO2 resembled O3 responses more than SO2 responses. The evidence for O3-like responses are: no change or increase in injury in the light versus dark, and EDU-induced decreases in injury. Evidences for SO2-like responses are: incomplete protection from injury with EDU, and no change or increased injury to FC-treated versus untreated plants. Thus, a metabolic mechanism affected by both pollutants may be associated with the combination injury, e.g. effects the plasma membrane.
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Selected References
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