Table 2.
Risk factors associated with CKD progression.
| Parameters | CKD Progression | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (−) (n = 782) |
(+) (n = 318) |
||
| Age (years) | 57.1 ± 11.1 | 58.0 ± 11.4 | 0.216 |
| Male (%) | 363 (46.4%) | 164 (51.6%) | 0.121 |
| Hypertension (%) | 365 (48.5%) | 164 (52.4%) | 0.251 |
| SBP | 130.0 (118.0–140.0) | 130.0 (118.0–140.0) | 0.328 |
| DBP | 79.0 (70.0–83.8) | 80.0 (70.0–87.0) | 0.921 |
| DM duration (years) | 9.0 (4.0–14.0) | 13.0 (6.0–18.0) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.1 (6.5–8.4) | 7.9 (6.7–9.7) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 131.5 (109.0–170.0) | 144.0 (110.0–202.0) | 0.006 |
| ACEI or ARB (%) | 348 (44.5) | 169 (53.1) | 0.009 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 (12.4–14.4) | 12.3 (11.0–14.1) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine at baseline (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.77–1.07) | 0.94 (0.8–1.2) | 0.004 |
| eGFR at baseline(mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80.7 (69.0–95.0) | 75.7 (59.6–95.4) | 0.006 |
| Calcium | 9.0 (8.6–9.3) | 8.8 (8.3–9.2) | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus | 3.6 (3.2–4.1) | 3.6 (3.2–4.0) | 0.082 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 163.0 (141.0–189.0) | 162.0 (138.0–191.0) | 0.934 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.5 (4.2–4.7) | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | <0.001 |
| UACR at baseline (mg/g) | 13.7 (7.5–27.1) | 22.6 (10.2–129.2) | 0.004 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 (22.5–27.0) | 24.8 (22.5–27.3) | 0.327 |
| GNRI score | 108.7 (103.7–111.7) | 104.2 (96.8–110.2) | <0.001 |
| GNRI Q1 | 147 (18.8) | 134 (42.1) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, or medians (interquartile range), and number (percent). Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UACR, urine albumin–creatinine ratio.