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. 2023 Mar 18;45(4):2481–2494. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00769-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Behavior tests of motor function and anxiety in male mice at 20, 23, and 26 months of age. (A) Grid wire hang test: maximum hanging impulse. (B) Grip strength test: relative peak force of forelimbs exerted on the force meter. (C) Rearing score: number of wall-contact rears by the front paws of the animal. (D) Open field test: total distance moved as a measure of locomotor activity. (E) Composite score of motor function tests (data from A–D). (F) Open field test: time spent in the center region as a measure of anxiety (not included in the composite score of motor function tests). 20 months: n = 18–20; 23 months: n = 17–18; 26 months: n = 14–17/group. Diets: CD—control, IKD—intermittent ketogenic, KD—ketogenic. Data were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA followed with the Tukey’s or the Bonferroni multiple comparisons tests. ∗ p < 0.05 compared to the CD group at the same age. Different letters of a, b, or c denote difference (p < 0.05) between ages