Fig. 4.
Effect of PCTS culture on the tumour immune component: tissue slices are immunocompetent and capture patient-specific checkpoint receptor expression. a | Heat map showing the differential gene expression of innate and adaptive markers for immunity in tissue slices from a patient with HCC comparing tumour vs matched surrounding quantified by qPCR microarray. PRR: pathogen recognition receptors. b | Representative images of immunofluorescent staining for CD3 and CD45 (T-cells) in tumour slices at day 0–8 (arrows indicate epithelial cells); npt = 3. Scale bar: 100 μm. c | Heat map showing differential gene expression of 14 checkpoint receptors comparing tumour slices cultured for the indicated time and matched tumour-free tissue slices at baseline (day 0) from patients with HCC or iCCA using a custom multiplex QuantiGene panel.