Abstract
Call centers can be found in various industries. However as a Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) the term “Call centers” does not reflect the critical purpose of handling emergency calls. We recommend “emergency medical communication center(s)”, as this provides clarity and precision regarding the primary function and purpose of the center.
Keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Emergency medical services, Out of hospital Cardiac Arrest, Paramedicine
Background
The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) tree-structure “Emergency Medical Services [N02.421.297]” includes the MeSH Heading “Call Centers” (Tree Number: N02.421.297.036, Unique ID: D000070456). The Scope Note defines it as “A facility set up for the purpose of handling large volumes of telephone calls. Call Centers typically utilize some form of computer automation for receiving, dispatching, screening, logging and forwarding telephone calls”. It has been an established Public MeSH since 2017. However, call centers can be found in various industries such as customer service, telemarketing, technical support, sales, health insurance and more [1]. Hence, the term “Call Center” itself does not specify the nature or purpose of the calls being handled.
Emergency Medical calls
Because of the MeSH headings’ linkage to the tree-structure “Emergency Medical Services” (EMS), we advocate that “Call Center(s)” is vague and due for an update. Worldwide, in cases of medical emergency, Emergency Medical Communication Centers (EMCCs) are the primary contact point between callers and the healthcare system. The EMCCs are manned with personnel responsible for answering emergency calls, assessing and triaging patients over the phone, providing first aid instructions and medical advice, prioritizing necessary resources, dispatching ambulances, and coordinating emergency response services [2]. Consequently, we propose this more specific and descriptive term to replace the previously mentioned “Call Center” term as a MeSH heading.
Preferably, the Scope Note should entail examples of the different emergency medical numbers internationally, such as 9-1-1 in the US, 1-1-2 in most of Europe, as well as other national variations.
Overlapping headings?
One might discuss the overlap and consequential need for the existing MeSH heading “Emergency Medical Dispatch [N02.421.297.043]” (EMD), which is defined as “the mobilization of emergency care to the locations and people that need them”. In our opinion, this as an operator role or function within the EMCC. However, we recognize that EMDs may be structured differently [3], as there is a large diversity in the organisation of EMDs between countries and, in some cases, within countries [4].
Another existing MeSH heading, “Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems [N02.421.297.058]”, concerns the more technical use of communication systems and should not be confused with emergency care information systems named “information systems” in the MeSH tree-structure.
Our suggestion for the updated heading is:
| Full MeSH Heading: Emergency Medical Communication Center(s) |
| Short form: EMCC |
|
Scope Note: A facility set up for the purpose of handling emergency medical telephone calls to emergency medical numbers, such as 9-1-1 in the US, 1-1-2 in most of Europe, as well as several national variations. Emergency Medical Communication typically utilizes some form of computer automation and/or assistance for receiving, logging, and forwarding large volumes of emergency telephone calls. Operators assess and triage emergency medical calls, prioritize initiatives, provide medical advice over the phone and dispatch and coordinate Emergency Medical Services response. |
Summary
Using the term “Emergency Medical Communication Center(s)” provides clarity and precision regarding the primary function and purpose of the center. There is a slight variation in the literature, as both the term “center” and “centre” is used regarding EMCC, depending on whether the author uses US or UK English. As the plural form for both are “centers”, and MeSH is published by the National Library of Medicine, center(s) would be the preferred option. By having an updated and specific MeSH, it becomes easier to distinguish EMCCs from other types of call centers, as it provides coherence for researchers and facilitates the availability of relevant knowledge in literature searches.
Acknowledgements
Not applicable.
Abbreviations
- EMCC
Emergency Medical Communication Center
- EMD
Emergency Medical Dispatch
- MeSH
Medical Subject Headings
- EMS
Emergency Medical Services
Authors’ contributions
AKVH: conceptualization, writing - original draft, writing - review & editing. JB, GB, MH, SI, EI, A-CLL, EZ, TMJ: writing – editing & critically reviewing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Funding
None.
Data Availability
Not applicable.
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
None.
Footnotes
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
References
- 1.Griffith KN, Li D, Davies ML, Pizer SD, Prentice JC. Call center performance affects patient perceptions of access and satisfaction. Am J Manag Care. 2019;25(9):e282–e7. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Leonardsen A-C, Ramsdal H, Olasveengen TM, Steen-Hansen JE, Westmark F, Hansen AE, et al. Exploring individual and work organizational peculiarities of working in emergency medical communication centers in Norway- a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):545. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4370-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Bohm K, Kurland L. The accuracy of medical dispatch - a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018;26(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s13049-018-0528-8. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Castrén M, Karlsten R, Lippert F, Christensen EF, Bovim E, Kvam AM, et al. Recommended guidelines for reporting on emergency medical dispatch when conducting research in emergency medicine: the Utstein style. Resuscitation. 2008;79(2):193–7. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.07.007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.