Abstract
Variations in hospital admission rates across small areas are ubiquitous, and it is increasingly assumed that high rates result from physicians' discretionary decisions. Data for elderly patients from the health insurance system of Manitoba were used to construct an index that divided physicians into four groups based on their propensity to admit patients to the hospital. I then determined whether physicians who are more prone to admit patients use hospitals for more discretionary purposes and admit patients who are less ill. Although the differences between physicians with different practice styles were in the expected direction, the most compelling finding was the similarity in characteristics of patients admitted by physicians with markedly different practice styles. Such findings suggest a very wide latitude in physicians' decisions to admit patients; this latitude is not well captured by a model that posits a logical relationship between physician treatment patterns and patient need.
Full text
PDF























Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anderson G. F., Cantor J. C., Steinberg E. P., Holloway J. Capitation pricing: adjusting for prior utilization and physician discretion. Health Care Financ Rev. 1986 Winter;8(2):27–34. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blanchard R. J., Blanchard M. E., Toussignant P., Ahmed M., Smythe C. M. The epidemiology and spectrum of surgical care in district hospitals of Pakistan. Am J Public Health. 1987 Nov;77(11):1439–1445. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.11.1439. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blumberg M. S. Inter-area variations in age-adjusted health status. Med Care. 1987 Apr;25(4):340–353. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198704000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chassin M. R., Kosecoff J., Park R. E., Winslow C. M., Kahn K. L., Merrick N. J., Keesey J., Fink A., Solomon D. H., Brook R. H. Does inappropriate use explain geographic variations in the use of health care services? A study of three procedures. JAMA. 1987 Nov 13;258(18):2533–2537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dixon A. S. The evolution of clinical policies. Med Care. 1990 Mar;28(3):201–220. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199003000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dubois R. W., Rogers W. H., Moxley J. H., 3rd, Draper D., Brook R. H. Hospital inpatient mortality. Is it a predictor of quality? N Engl J Med. 1987 Dec 24;317(26):1674–1680. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198712243172626. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eddy D. M. Variations in physician practice: the role of uncertainty. Health Aff (Millwood) 1984 Summer;3(2):74–89. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.3.2.74. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellwood P. M. Shattuck lecture--outcomes management. A technology of patient experience. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jun 9;318(23):1549–1556. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198806093182327. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartz A. J., Krakauer H., Kuhn E. M., Young M., Jacobsen S. J., Gay G., Muenz L., Katzoff M., Bailey R. C., Rimm A. A. Hospital characteristics and mortality rates. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 21;321(25):1720–1725. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198912213212506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jencks S. F., Dobson A. Refining case-mix adjustment. The research evidence. N Engl J Med. 1987 Sep 10;317(11):679–686. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198709103171106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jessee W. F., Nickerson C. W., Grant W. S. Assessing medical practices through PSRO cooperative studies, an evaluation of Cesarean births in nine PSRO areas. Med Care. 1982 Jan;20(1):75–84. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198201000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leape L. L., Park R. E., Solomon D. H., Chassin M. R., Kosecoff J., Brook R. H. Relation between surgeons' practice volumes and geographic variation in the rate of carotid endarterectomy. N Engl J Med. 1989 Sep 7;321(10):653–657. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198909073211006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLaughlin C. G., Normolle D. P., Wolfe R. A., McMahon L. F., Jr, Griffith J. R. Small-area variation in hospital discharge rates. Do socioeconomic variables matter? Med Care. 1989 May;27(5):507–521. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198905000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McPherson K. International differences in medical care practices. Health Care Financ Rev. 1989 Dec;Spec No:9–20. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mossey J. M., Havens B., Roos N. P., Shapiro E. The Manitoba longitudinal study on aging: description and methods. Gerontologist. 1981 Oct;21(5):551–558. doi: 10.1093/geront/21.5.551. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Paul-Shaheen P., Clark J. D., Williams D. Small area analysis: a review and analysis of the North American literature. J Health Polit Policy Law. 1987 Winter;12(4):741–809. doi: 10.1215/03616878-12-4-741. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roos L. L., Jr, Roos N. P., Cageorge S. M., Nicol J. P. How good are the data? Reliability of one health care data bank. Med Care. 1982 Mar;20(3):266–276. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198203000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roos L. L., Jr Supply, workload and utilization: a population-based analysis of surgery in rural Manitoba. Am J Public Health. 1983 Apr;73(4):414–421. doi: 10.2105/ajph.73.4.414. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roos L. L., Sharp S. M., Cohen M. M., Wajda A. Risk adjustment in claims-based research: the search for efficient approaches. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(12):1193–1206. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(89)90118-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roos N. P., Flowerdew G., Wajda A., Tate R. B. Variations in physicians' hospitalization practices: a population-based study in Manitoba, Canada. Am J Public Health. 1986 Jan;76(1):45–51. doi: 10.2105/ajph.76.1.45. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roos N. P. Impact of the organization of practice on quality of care and physician productivity. Med Care. 1980 Apr;18(4):347–359. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198004000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roos N. P., Roos L. L., Jr Surgical rate variations: do they reflect the health or socioeconomic characteristics of the population? Med Care. 1982 Sep;20(9):945–958. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198209000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roos N. P., Wennberg J. E., McPherson K. Using diagnosis-related groups for studying variations in hospital admissions. Health Care Financ Rev. 1988 Summer;9(4):53–62. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Siu A. L., Sonnenberg F. A., Manning W. G., Goldberg G. A., Bloomfield E. S., Newhouse J. P., Brook R. H. Inappropriate use of hospitals in a randomized trial of health insurance plans. N Engl J Med. 1986 Nov 13;315(20):1259–1266. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198611133152005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wennberg J. E., Barnes B. A., Zubkoff M. Professional uncertainty and the problem of supplier-induced demand. Soc Sci Med. 1982;16(7):811–824. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90234-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wennberg J. E. Factors governing utilization of hospital services. Hosp Pract. 1979 Sep;14(9):115-21, 126-7. doi: 10.1080/21548331.1979.11707610. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wennberg J. E., Fowler F. J., Jr A test of consumer contribution to small area variations in health care delivery. J Maine Med Assoc. 1977 Aug;68(8):275–279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wennberg J. E., Freeman J. L., Shelton R. M., Bubolz T. A. Hospital use and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries in Boston and New Haven. N Engl J Med. 1989 Oct 26;321(17):1168–1173. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198910263211706. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolfe B. L., Detmer D. E. The economics of surgical signatures. Hosp Med Staff. 1984 Oct;13(10):2–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Lissovoy G., Rice T., Gabel J., Gelzer H. J. Preferred provider organizations one year later. Inquiry. 1987 Summer;24(2):127–135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
