Abstract
This sedimentary logging and facies characterized dataset of 28 outcrops exposed along Kuala Tahan – Kampung Pagi – Kampung Bantal which is situated in the central part of Peninsular Malaysia (in the state of Pahang). This dataset is recorded in 2017 during the construction of roadway. It consist of Mangking Formation of Tembeling Group with the total length of 410 m. The outcrops are arranged into 8 continuous sections. This data can be further correlated stratigraphically to produce composite log, facies analysis, depositional processes, and the depositional environment.
Keywords: Geology, Sedimentology, Facies, Sedimentary logging
Specifications Table
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Science; Geology; Stratigraphy |
| Specific subject area | Geology; Stratigraphy; Sedimentology |
| Data format | Processed-Digitized sedimentary logs in Adobe IllustratorⓇ (.ai) Raw-Outcrop details in Excel (.xlsx) Raw-Outcrop coordinate (latitude and longitude) Raw-Outcrop photos (.jpg) Processed-Map (.jpg and ArcGisⓇ) |
| Type of data | -Table -Figure -Sedimentary logs -Outcrops photos -Map |
| Data collection | The logs contain length of the outcrops, thickness of beds, observed sedimentary structures and presence of ichnofossils. Orientation of the beddings are recorded as strike and dip. These parameters are digitized as sedimentary log for 28 outcrops (Figures). |
| Data source location | Country: Malaysia District/Region: Kuala Tahan/Pahang Latitude and longitude: 4.4092900, 102.4354056 |
| Data accessibility | The processed data has been deposited in the Mendeley repository and is accessible using the link: Repository name: Mendeley Data Direct URL to data: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/3sz9g6nrc8/1 |
1. Value of the Data
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The outcrops and sedimentary logs can inspire researchers to conduct more advanced studies on sedimentology, facies analyses and depositional environment interpretation on Jurassic-Cretaceous rocks of the region.
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The dataset can be stratigraphically correlated with the geology of Peninsula Malaysia, Thailand, and Indochina especially on the Jurassic-Cretaceous aged strata (red beds).
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The outcrops/exposures are now inaccessible due to dense vegetation and cementing through rock/slope stabilization techniques. Other Jurassic-Cretaceous rocks in this region are difficult to access.
2. Data Description
In the Mendeley Data repository, there are 4 separate folders, namely, 1) Outcrop Details, 2) Compiled Sedimentary Logs, 3) Locality Map, and 4) Digitization Raw Files. Folder 1 (Outcrop Details) contains excel file with coordinates, bedding orientations (strike and dip) and note on structures (fault and folding). Sedimentary logs and outcrop photos are arranged in Folder 2 (Compiled Sedimentary Logs) based on section (Section 1 to 11) (Figs. 2 and 3). The locality map in Folder 3 (Locality Map) is generated using ArcGISⓇ to show the locations of outcrops (Table 1).
Fig. 2.
Compilation of sedimentary logs for Section 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11.
Fig. 3.
Sedimentary logs for Section 8.
Table 1.
Summary of the characteristics features of the lithofacies types.
| Facies | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Gravelly | Clast-Supported Conglomerate Facies (Gc) | Clast- supported, no imbrication, subangular to subrounded, cobble to coarse pebble sized, erosion surface, gently undulating, lenticular geometries. |
| Trough Cross-Stratified Conglomerate Facies (Gt) | Matrix- supported, clasts accumulate along trough cross-bedding cosets, extraformational clasts of mudstone | |
| Sandy | Cross-Stratification Sandstone Facies (St) | Cross-bedding, fine – coarse grained. |
| Massive Sandstone Facies (Sm) Subfacies: Smi & Smii |
Smi: Thin, structureless, fine to medium grained sandstone. Smii: Thick, crude, structureless, medium to coarse |
|
| Planar Cross-stratified Sandstone Facies (Sp) | Planar stratified, fine to medium grained | |
| Muddy | Parallel Laminated Sandstone Facies (Sh) | Parallel lamination |
| Mudstone with Thin Sandstone Stripes Facies (Fl) | Both mudstone- and sandstone- dominated. Sandstones are in stripes shaped | |
| Mudstone Facies (Fm) | Laminated and massive |
(Files and folders shared at Mendeley Data repository: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/3sz9g6nrc8/1).
The locality of this dataset comprises the Jurassic – Cretaceous-aged rock unit from the Tembeling Group, namely the Mangking Formation. A N-S orientation boundary with Triassic aged Semantan Formation is reported westward. Other Jurassic – Cretaceous geological dataset of Peninsula Malaysia can be obtained from Khor et al. (2017) [1].
The eight sedimentary facies identified are 1) Clast-Supported Conglomerate Facies (Gc), 2) Trough Cross-Stratified Conglomerate (Gt), 3) Trough Cross-Stratified Sandstone Facies (St), 4) Massive Sandstone Facies (Thick: Smi & Thin: Smii), 5) Tabular Cross-Stratified Sandstone Facies (Sp), 6) Parallel Laminated Sandstone (Sh), 7) Interbedded Sandstone and Mudstone Stripes (Fl), and 8) Mudstone Facies (M). Below is a summary of the eight facies (Table 1).
3. Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
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(i)
Sedimentary logging
The sedimentary characteristics recorded during field excursion are lithology, grain size, primary sedimentary structures, bedding, external geometry, fossils, thickness, grain size, and color based on Tucker (2011) [3]. Tools used in logging were hand lens, measuring tape, compass, and geological hammer. These details for each outcrop were then digitized using Adobe IllustratorⓇ into sedimentary logs (refer Figs. 2 and 3).
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(ii)
Facies characterization
Detailed facies characterization were done using Miall (1996) [2] classification scheme. This classification uses abbreviations such as Sp, Sm, Fl, and Fm and are as listed in the table below (Fig. 4) (Table 2). Beds are classified into these abbreviations based on sedimentary characteristics, notably, bedding, grain size, texture, and sedimentary structures.
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(iii)
Locality Map
Fig. 4.
Compilation of geological structures in this study area. a) laminated mudstone (Fm); b) cross-bedded sandstone; c) planar cross-bedded sandstone (Sp); d) mudstone (Fm); e) parallel laminated sandstone (Sh); and, f) interbedded sandstone and mudstone (Fl).
Table 2.
Facies characterization based on Miall (1996).
| Facies code | Characteristics | Structure | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gm | Matrix-supported, massive gravel | Non to weak grading | Plastic debris flow (high-strength, viscous) |
| Gc | Clast-supported gravel | – | Clast-rich debris flow (high strength), or pseudoplastic debris flow (low strength) |
| Gt | Gravel, stratified | Trough cross-beds | Minor channel fills |
| Gh | Clast-supported crudely bedded gravel | Horizaontal bedding, imbrication | Longitudinal bedforms, lag deposits,sieve deposits |
| St | Sand, fine to very coarse, may be pebbly | Solitary or grouped planar cross-beds | Sinous-crested and linguiod (3-D) dunes |
| Sp | Sand, fine to very coarse, may be pebbly | Solitary or grouped planar cross-beds | Transverse and linguoid bedforms (2-D dunes) |
| Sm | Sand, fine to coarse | Massive, or faint lamination | Sediment-gravity flow deposits |
| Sr | Sand, very fine to coarse | Ripple cross-lamination | Ripples (lower flow regime) |
| Sh | Sand, very fine to coarse, may be pebbly | Horizontal lamination parting or streaming lineation | Plane-bed flow (critical flow) |
| Sl | Sand, very fine to coarse, may be pebbly | Low angle (<15ᵒ) cross bedding | Scour fills, humpback or washed-out dunes, antidunes |
| Fl | Sand, silt, mud | Fine lamination, very small ripples | Overbank, abandoned channel, or waning flood deposits |
| Fm | Mud, silt | Massive, desiccation cracks | Overbank, abandoned channel, or drape deposits |
Outcrops were correlated into eight sedimentary sections based on their coordinates, orientation readings, and geological structures.. Coordinate readings of each outcrop were plot using ArcGisⓇ (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1.
Locality map of outcrops logged in this dataset in ArcGISⓇ.
Limitations
One common limitation of sedimentary logging is that some beds may not preserve the structures or features present in the original sedimentary deposit. This could be due to various factors such as post-depositional changes, erosion, bioturbation, and diagenesis (chemical and physical changes during burial), some sedimentary structures may be altered or completely obliterated. These structureless beds are recorded as Structureless Sandstone Facies (Sm).
Ethics Statement
This work did not involve studies with animals or human. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have or could be perceived to have influenced the work reported in this article.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Wei Chung Khor: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition. Kamal Roslam Mohamed: Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition, Supervision. Mohamed Shafeea Leman: Funding acquisition, Supervision. Che Aziz Ali: Supervision.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) for funding this work (SLB2245).
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Data Availability
Kuala Tahan Sedimentary Logs and Data (Original data) (Mendeley Data)
References
- 1.Khor W.C., Mohd shafeea L., Muhammad Ashahadi D., Kamal Roslan M., Che Aziz A., Jasmi A.T. Sedimentologi batuan enapan daratan kumpulan gagau (Usia Kapur Awal) di hulu sungai chichir, terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2017;46:2315–2323. [Google Scholar]
- 2.Miall A.D. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 1996. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits. [Google Scholar]
- 3.Tucker M.E. Wiley-Blackwell; Chichester: 2011. Sedimentary Rocks in the Field : a Practical Guide. [Google Scholar]
Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Data Availability Statement
Kuala Tahan Sedimentary Logs and Data (Original data) (Mendeley Data)