Table 1.
Characteristics of patients.
| Placebo | Probiotic | P | Q | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± sd, n (%) | n | Mean ± sd, n (%) | |||
| age | 17 | 44.4 ± 10.4 | 21 | 44.9 ± 10.7 | 0.659 | 0.843 |
| Beck scale | 17 | 18.2 ± 7.1 | 21 | 18.8 ± 8.4 | 0.952 | 0.971 |
| Hamilton scale | 16 | 12.9 ± 4.6 | 17 | 13.3 ± 4.7 | 0.971 | 0.971 |
| Insomnia scale | 16 | 10.5 ± 4.8 | 17 | 10.1 ± 3.1 | 0.612 | 0.843 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 17 | 100.6 ± 11.4 | 21 | 96.2 ± 12.7 | 0.277 | 0.665 |
| WHR | 17 | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 21 | 0.85 ± 0.09 | 0.702 | 0.843 |
| Weight (kg) | 17 | 93.2 ± 18.8 | 21 | 84.8 ± 15.5 | 0.168 | 0.589 |
| FFM (kg) | 17 | 59.3 ± 10.0 | 21 | 57.1 ± 10.4 | 0.463 | 0.788 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 17 | 33.9 + 11.5 | 21 | 29.1 ± 8.2 | 0.191 | 0.589 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17 | 32.2 ± 5.3 | 21 | 30.1 ± 4.5 | 0.127 | 0.589 |
| Weight at surgery day (kg) | 17 | 125.9 ± 24.2 | 21 | 114.5 ± 16.0 | 0.167 | 0.589 |
| Time after surgery (months) | 17 | 41.3 ± 41.8 | 21 | 28.4 ± 27.4 | 0.462 | 0.788 |
| LBP (ng/mL) | 17 | 551 ± 127 | 21 | 643 ± 236 | 0.127 | 0.589 |
| LPS (pg/mL) | 17 | 107.9 ± 33.4 | 21 | 97.9 ± 36.6 | 0.252 | 0.665 |
| Homocysteine (nmol/mL) | 17 | 8.4 ± 10.4 | 21 | 8.6 ± 8.8 | 0.411 | 0.788 |
| Zonulin (ng/mL) | 14 | 145.7 ± 84.6 | 15 | 128.9 ± 63.4 | 0.777 | 0.847 |
| Occludin (ng/mL) | 17 | 13.2 ± 3.4 | 21 | 14.1 ± 3.6 | 0.500 | 0.788 |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 17 | 19.4 ±7.9 | 19 | 20.3 ± 6.5 | 0.318 | 0.694 |
| DQI_I (points) | 17 | 46.1 ± 9.7 | 21 | 48.6 ± 7.5 | 0.186 | 0.589 |
| Variety_DQI_I (points) | 17 | 9.6 ± 4.8 | 21 | 10.0 ± 4.9 | 0.677 | 0.843 |
| Adequacy_DQI_I (points) | 17 | 22.5 ± 3.6 | 21 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 0.746 | 0.847 |
| Moderation_DQI_I (points) | 17 | 13.2 ± 4.8 | 21 | 15.3 ± 4.3 | 0.196 | 0.589 |
| Overall_balance_DQI_I (points) | 17 | 0.71 ± 1.99 | 21 | 0.57 ± 0.93 | 0.196 | 0.788 |
| Surgery type (RYGB/SG) | 17 | 4 (23.5)/13 (76.5) | 21 | 12 (57.1)/9 (42.9) | 0.052 | 0.589 |
sd—standard deviation, WHR—waist-to-hip ratio, FFM—fat-free mass, BMI—body mass index, LBP—lipopolysaccharide binding protein, LPS—lipopolysaccharide, DQI-I—diet quality index international, RYGB—Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, SG—sleeve gastrectomy.