Diversity of parasitoid wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera) in oilseed rape fields in Serbia

Abstract

Background

Oilseed rape is an important crop grown worldwide and used for various purposes, including oil extraction and animal feed. In Europe, there are six major pest species and several other minor pests that can significantly affect oilseed rape production, requiring growers to effectively control them in order to ensure crop yield. The host-parasitoid complexes of these pests have been studied in detail and recorded mainly in western, central and northern Europe. As an abundant source of pollen and nectar, oilseed rape may also be attractive to other parasitoids that do not have direct trophic interactions with oilseed rape pest species. The aim of this study is to fill the knowledge gap regarding the wider parasitoid community in oilseed rape fields, particularly in southern Europe.

New information

During the two-year study, a total of 3135 specimens of primary and secondary parasitoids were sampled, of which 2855 were found in oilseed rape fields and 280 in semi-natural habitats. We found 153 taxa, of which 119 were found in oilseed rape fields and 87 in semi-natural habitats. We identified 31 genera (33 species) as parasitoids of oilseed rape pests, 54 genera (97 species) parasitising non-pest species and 10 genera (23 species) as possible parasitoids of oilseed rape pests. This study shows that the parasitoid community in oilseed rape fields is very diverse and that includes parasitoids of both oilseed rape pest and non-pest species.

Introduction

Oilseed rape (Brassicanapus L.) is a very important crop, grown on more than 36 million hectares worldwide and more than 8 million hectares in Europe in 2021 (FAO 2022) and it is the third largest source of vegetable oil worldwide (Statista 2023). It is primarily used to extract oil from its seeds, which can be used for a variety of purposes, from food to making lubricants and soap, while the seed residue after oil extraction can also be used as animal feed (Alford 2003). In some countries, it is also an important break crop in cereal-dominated crop rotations (Angus et al. 2015). Similar to expanding global production, oilseed rape cultivation in Serbia increased from 5000–6000 ha at the end of the last century to more than 29,000 ha in 2022 (Sekulić and Kereši 2007, RZS 2023).

There are six major insect pest species of oilseed rape in Europe which growers often need to control to protect seed yield. In addition, there are a number of minor pests that may be of greater importance in some countries and at certain times of the year (Alford 2003, Williams 2010) (Table 1). Control of these pests is usually achieved through conventional pesticide use, but also through integrated pest management (IPM), as naturally occurring biological control agents, such as predators, parasitoids and pathogens can provide biocontrol and reduce pesticide use (Williams 2010). Parasitoids play particularly important role in pest control because their development is closely linked to their host species and show positive density-dependent patterns, while being specialised to one or few host species (Gunton and Pöyry 2016, Dainese et al. 2017). Higher parasitism rates (30–40%) can successfully suppress pest populations (Hokkanen 2008), although even lower rates (around 15%), especially when complemented with ground-dwelling predators, can also negatively affect pest abundance (Dainese et al. 2017). Semi-natural habitats that remain in agricultural landscapes are important for the conservation of these natural enemies, as they provide nectar resources, alternative host or prey species and overwintering sites (Landis et al. 2000, Bianchi et al. 2006) and their positive effect on oilseed rape pest suppression has been demonstrated (Thies and Tscharntke 1999, Dainese et al. 2017). However, oilseed rape itself can be a rich and highly attractive source of pollen and nectar for a wide range of insect species (Stanley et al. 2013), including parasitoids that use nectar as a food source (Heimpel and Jervis 2005, Varennes et al. 2016). Therefore, some parasitoid species may be present in oilseed rape fields without direct trophic interactions with known oilseed rape pests.

Table 1.

List of major and minor oilseed rape pests (Alford 2003, Williams 2010)

	Latin name	Common name	Family
Major oilseed rape pests
1	Brassicogethes Audisio & Cline, 2009	pollen beetles	Nitidulidae
2	Psylliodeschrysocephala Linnaeus, 1758	cabbage stem flea beetle	Chrysomelidae
3	Ceutorhynchusobstrictus (Marsham, 1802)	cabbage seed weevil	Curculionidae
4	Ceutorhynchuspallidactylus (Marsham, 1802)	cabbage stem weevil	Curculionidae
5	Ceutorhynchusnapi Gyllenhal, 1837	rape stem weevil	Curculionidae
6	Dasineurabrassicae (Winnertz, 1853)	cabbage pod midge	Cecidomyiidae
Minor oilseed rape pests
1	Ceutorhynchuspicitarsis Gyllenhal, 1837	rape winter stem weevil	Curculionidae
2	Phyllotretanemorum (Linnaeus, 1758)	cabbage flea beetle	Chrysomelidae
3	Athaliarosae (Linnaeus, 1758)	turnip sawfly	Tenthredinidae
4	Brevicorynebrassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)	cabbage aphid	Aphididae
5	Myzuspersicae (Sulzer, 1776)	peach-potato aphid	Aphididae

Host-parasitoid complexes for the aforementioned major and some minor pests have been extensively studied and recorded (Alford 2003, Williams 2010), but mainly based on data from two projects: BORIS (1997-2000, CT-96-1314) and MASTER (2001-2005, QLK5-CT-2001-01447), focusing mainly on western, central and northern Europe. Data from southern Europe and Serbia, in particular, have been largely absent. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been a comprehensive list of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids that occur in oilseed rape fields for this region. Todorov et al. (2022) provide a list of parasitoid species found in oilseed rape fields in Bulgaria with comments on perspectives for biological control, but only for the family Pteromalidae. Oilseed rape pests, on the other hand, are relatively well studied in Serbian fields from both taxonomical and traditional chemical management aspects (Kereši et al. 2007, Sekulić and Kereši 2007, Štrbac et al. 2007, Mitrović et al. 2008, Milovac et al. 2010, Graora et al. 2013, Milovanović et al. 2013, Graora et al. 2015, Sivčev et al. 2015, Sivčev et al. 2016, Milovac 2016, Marjanović and Prodanović 2021). Similarly, the parasitoid wasp fauna of other crops in Serbia, especially cereals and alfalfa, has also been well studied (Tomanović et al. 2003, Kavallieratos et al. 2004, Kavallieratos et al. 2005a, Kavallieratos et al. 2005b, Tomanović et al. 2008, Žikić et al. 2012, Tomanović et al. 2021), but currently, there is a gap in knowledge of the parasitoid wasp fauna in oilseed rape. Therefore, we aim here to explore the entire parasitoid community in oilseed rape to better understand the trophic interactions and the wider potential for biological control in agricultural landscapes.

Materials and methods

Sampling was conducted in two consecutive years with a similar sampling design. In 2018, we selected five oilseed rape fields in the southern part of the Bačka Region (Serbia) (Table 2, Fig. 1). A single sampling transect of 20 m length was established in each field. Two fields had adjacent herbaceous semi-natural habitats where an additional sampling transect was established. In 2019, four oilseed rape fields were selected in the northern part of the Bačka Region, each of which had an adjacent herbaceous or shrubland semi-natural habitat. Two sampling transects were established in each field, one near the field edge (2 m from the field edge) and the second deeper in the field (20 m from the field edge) and one transect was established in the adjacent semi-natural habitat. Two fields had a second nearby semi-natural habitat and one additional sampling transect was established in each of them.

Table 2.

Coordinates of the sampled oilseed rape fields.

	South Bačka region					North Bačka region
	Čenej			Srbobran		Bajmok	Đurđin	Mišićevo	Pačir
Latitude	45.3241	45.3468	45.3296	45.5216	45.5501	45.9516	45.9631	45.9892	45.8936
Longitude	19.8481	19.8615	19.8313	19.7571	19.7371	19.4771	19.5129	19.5126	19.4088

Figure 1.

Map of the study area.

Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids were collected multiple times using different methods during the period from mid-April to mid-June, i.e. from the beginning of the oilseed rape flowering to the pre-harvest stage of pod maturation. Along each transect, 20 sweeps were made at the top of the vegetation with a sweep net and the collected samples were immediately stored in 96% ethanol. Sweep-net samples were collected seven times in 2018 and five times in 2019. In addition, during oilseed rape flowering phase, three clusters of pan traps were placed along each transect, at the beginning, middle and at the end of the transect. Each cluster consisted of three coloured water-filled bowls (yellow, white and blue) that were placed on the ground when surrounding vegetation was low or mounted on a pole and raised to the top of the vegetation when vegetation was tall. Traps were left active for 72 hours in 2018 and 48 hours in 2019, after which samples were placed in 96% ethanol. In both years, pan-trap sampling was done three times, once in late April and twice in early May in 2018 and three times in mid- to late April in 2019. During each field visit, oilseed rape plants and other plants were systematically examined for the presence of aphids along each established transect, both in crop fields and in semi-natural habitats. If aphid colonies were found, they were placed in a mash-top plastic box for aphid parasitoids rearing. After four weeks, emerged parasitoids were transferred to 96% ethanol. In addition, in 2019 during pod maturation phase, we collected up to 100 oilseed rape pods per field transect and stored them in a mash-top plastic box to allow the emergence of pod midge parasitoids, which were then transferred to 96% ethanol. All collected parasitoids were identified using morphological identification keys (Suppl. material 1) to the lowest possible taxonomic level (species, genus or family). In case of identification to higher taxonomic levels, taxa were characterised and organised into different morphospecies (e.g. Eulophidae sp. 1, Eulophidae sp. 2 etc.). Voucher specimens are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia. To establish consistency of occurrence of parasitoids in oilseed rape fields, we selected taxa/genera, based on two combined criteria across two years of sampling: 1) present in at least three fields (out of nine total) and 2) present with at least 10 individuals. We constructed species accumulation curves to assess completeness of our fauna survey in oilseed rape fields. We defined each combination of locality and sampling period as a “sampling event” which consisted of combined data from all sampling methods. To estimate extrapolated species richness for our study, we used Chao, First order Jackknife (Jack1), Second order Jackknife (Jack2) and Bootstrap estimates from the R package vegan (v.2.6-4; Oksanen et al. (2022)) within R Statistical Software (v.4.3.1; R Core Team (2023)).

Checklists

Checklist of parasitoid wasps found in oilseed rape fields and adjacent semi-natural habitats in Serbia

Bethylidae

B202BEDB-B8FB-57F3-9694-813D6A4AE296

Goniozus claripennis

(Förster, 1851)

2368AA26-8B28-5D50-9614-0229BC2DBE87

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 2100E2C9-88FF-50B0-96C1-065E02A65373; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Đurđin; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Tortricidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Plastanoxus westwoodi

(Kieffer, 1914)

D7114F85-8961-55EF-B80B-319C0BC69D5D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 69C5F48C-FA04-5E14-BD6A-6DCAFF0DB2BE; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Cucujidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Braconidae

B7D00757-ED4E-5280-A117-89116BC25EC6

Apanteles sp. 1

629D5A8A-78E4-5A1B-BFD6-50F6AD7684F1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 8 males, 5 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 670AD6EE-22E6-5A5C-8D72-C0625E726E99; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 18.04.2019, 12.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Aphidius ervi

Haliday, 1834

DFC4B768-5A47-539A-BB70-6E50D3D5FF3C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 215 males, 60 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: C5B6BE40-91B1-5621-AC91-D69A68728B55; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Đurđin, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019, 23.05.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Myzuspersicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Aphidius matricariae

Haliday, 1834

B5954636-FCB4-5D1C-8EDB-3BA0CACF1542

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 72 males, 40 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 3950E1EC-D843-5AB9-B17F-937164B61976; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Aphid colony; eventDate: 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Myzuspersicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Aphidius sp. 1

2C151974-29EC-5052-973D-FD5478F0F7FD

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 3E6F63DA-DB7D-5F1D-A55F-07289769670F; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Đurđin; Event: samplingProtocol: Aphid colony; eventDate: 05-23-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Myzuspersicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Binodoxys angelicae

(Haliday, 1833)

9C691365-92AB-50F4-80AB-D5D0EF106D2B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: EBAA0EF7-3F19-5404-9F10-5282D552F36F; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Aphid colony; eventDate: 05-23-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Myzuspersicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Blacus nigricornis

Haeselbarth, 1973

B9555EB1-7F31-5FEA-B676-20CFD6599174

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 92167F97-BDA3-57A5-9DB1-203EF3FAB78D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Meligethesaeneus

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Bracon picticornis

(Wesmael, 1838)

BCA66B5B-73F6-5042-959A-0CF783091644

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: BD9DB36F-E474-5431-B537-EF01E6550C2E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 17-19.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Meligethesaeneus

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Bracon variator

Nees, 1811

9592011C-C623-5E47-A5DE-768F1931058A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 76500E7C-7739-54B4-9FB6-1460E32CCBB5; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchusassimilis

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Chelonus oculator

(Fabricius, 1775)

33124C24-A41A-59A8-8690-9DBA0685EB8D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: 981653E9-B91B-5795-8BE8-910E33C9FD2C; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Spodopteraexigua

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Choeras parasitellae

(Bouché, 1834)

28423E65-7A77-558C-9C37-77A0D5E642DA

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: A0968BCD-EB9E-5A04-A16E-734D2F88B3E8; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-10-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Cotesia glomerata

(Linnaeus, 1758)

E1762B44-82BC-571D-A9B3-A2A610352A4D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 5DA837C7-FAF4-5E5D-BBAF-2679FD8A7656; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Pieris spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Cotesia vestalis

(Haliday, 1834)

FD1B02AF-FD35-5BBA-B610-21258213F850

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: D9CFE5F0-9B48-5FAB-887A-A19948176C6C; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-10-19; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Plutellaxylostella

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Dacnusa sp. 1

B5B9784D-A546-502C-83A9-ED45CE757771

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 9D21083D-9666-5D29-9B82-B599A478426B; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Phytomyzarufipes?

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Diaeretiella rapae

(McIntosh,1855)

D635B757-1A8F-5CE1-AB16-C40856DBF82D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 816 males, 427 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 9B75C3AA-8CF9-5C70-A0AD-910DE1A7E9EA; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Đurđin, Mišićevo, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 17-19.04.2019, 22-24.04.2019, 08.05.2019, 10.05.2019, 23.05.2019, 12.06.2019, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Myzuspersicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Diospilus capito

(Nees, 1834)

2DA2CF80-6612-597E-B954-3D64687ABB63

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 38221A3B-0E37-569C-8E40-2F3A41611E99; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-27-18; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Meligethesaeneus

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Ephedrus persicae

Froggatt, 1904

807058F2-DAB6-5822-88D2-7C252D4BA7AF

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 894A5022-E488-56DD-8F1B-563D4D8E8E23; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Aphid colony; eventDate: 05-10-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Myzuspersicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Eubazus sigalphoides

(Marshall, 1889)

9C68C00D-4DD7-5A38-858F-21AEE7246C3D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 44 males, 8 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: AD0C09B2-CCD1-5DFD-882F-0BE15DE7EDE2; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 27.04.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Meligethesaeneus

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Eubazus sp. 1

D92AE959-5A49-58F6-AF52-828F52A8AE18

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: C0808E15-FC75-5133-9529-253FC39B21F3; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Curculionidae, Pissodes spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Habrobracon hebetor

(Say, 1836)

6B1CE6CE-70E1-5AA6-9C82-59E89E6007D0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: D172A12C-83BF-5A6C-882D-B89A6B2A56B7; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Plutellaxylostella

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Lysiphlebus fabarum

(Marshall, 1896)

283C0B74-6DB7-5E09-9C76-B0D000AE12DC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 7 males, 8 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 5E911AD9-61F7-5767-82D5-2C5F9C00A3CC; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 07-10.05.2018, 23.05.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Myzuspersicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Microctonus sp. 1

CB2BF726-127D-52F7-8685-BFCF1E00D29E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, adult; occurrenceID: 2C6284BF-9E5E-5350-9DC9-0302DA217FF7; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-27-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Psylliodeschrysocephala

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Microctonus sp. 2

55E34A5C-F186-5BFC-B989-E874C2B6DDCC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, adult; occurrenceID: 5867C306-6324-5480-92E0-45222448E6D9; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-10-18; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Psylliodeschrysocephala

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Microplitis sp. 1

998BEB5F-4E94-5D9D-A722-23FE874096AC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: DAB4FA8A-9140-5590-AC18-0A40980767C9; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Peristenus sp. 1

55CB899E-DC9C-5A43-8448-AD9B4421485F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, adult; occurrenceID: FF098CFC-54DE-59E1-8DEF-F0B13AA0C33C; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 25.04.2019, 10.05.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Miridae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Peristenus sp. 2

39D774CA-9E90-5310-A757-1963DB5AEF09

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, adult; occurrenceID: 134DA297-FDA0-5920-8599-D9951B634070; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-10-19; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Miridae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Praon volucre

(Haliday, 1933)

F505DF9D-EBAA-5D75-88E5-F6D915A20393

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 17 males, 12 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 87BA73CA-4D26-5BD6-957F-D51999F207CC; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Myzuspersicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Schizoprymnus obscurus

(Nees, 1816)

076664E7-5B8B-5D65-B062-6ED6149CE776

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 6 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: E16619A8-405D-5DB5-865C-9A40D688C840; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Aphid colony; eventDate: 20.04.2018, 10.05.2018, 12.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Townesilitus bicolor

(Wesmael, 1835)

8FDFA7E8-DF6E-58EC-8E9E-F436D8D5DBB7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 29 males, 4 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, adult; occurrenceID: 6C1B44DA-6B18-5F2A-AA95-117FA9C8DC30; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 10.05.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Phyllotreta spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Triaspis thoracica

(Curtis, 1860)

90F752AD-311B-5D1D-8C61-C305CCC3CA3F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 17 males, 53 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 31AF200E-A505-5FF0-BE16-9F8C0D660AAC; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Chrysomelidae, Bruchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Ceidae

DD8300BF-7BD7-5124-BFDE-DF57B6E3AB2B

Cea pulicaris

Walker, 1837

C126A1D9-F1B8-5EB1-A4F8-BD3FD080FFB4

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 8C00D2C6-6FA5-5B26-9D99-ADDCC9E1D372; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 07-10.05.2018

Parasite of

Agromyzidae, Phytomyza spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Spalangiopelta sp. 1

2B85E8F1-6C52-5AF4-9F6C-9B6E12669F09

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 8 males, 4 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: E6ABC350-A923-5C28-BBBA-2465C9111481; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Đurđin, Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019, 25.04.2019, 12.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Agromyzidae, Drosophilidae (miners)

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Ceraphronidae

AE5540DC-8D14-5F6C-B84F-C8CFA2B20CEF

Ceraphronidae sp. 1

A198921E-C6E0-5E34-AB12-7AE2FE3254AC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 6977C9C7-9469-5D55-9EB8-7B56EF27769E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cecidomyiidae, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Thysanoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Ceraphronidae sp. 2

03E60AD3-56D4-5E9C-B9A5-5B18239EB521

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 3C03AC9C-9FF1-5178-9F37-501881047C03; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Đurđin; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 22-24.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cecidomyiidae, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Thysanoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Aphanogmus abdominalis

(Thomson, 1858)

8B42031D-C693-5134-AC43-90F3E5E9F721

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 9 males, 16 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 67963D58-F8DD-5A8E-9A48-9100C67EC5F9; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 13.06.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Dasineurabrassicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Ceraphron sp. 1

5B48B399-8C8C-5997-B62B-FE6595EFE0BF

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: D3738836-AF98-56D5-8C8F-4906B24752AD; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cecidomyiidae, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Thysanoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Ceraphron sp. 2

3E9AD894-FD7C-583A-9EEB-FA78335FA13F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 4F1DC248-EF72-5FB1-9F45-07BCA5B0BBD8; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Đurđin; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Cecidomyiidae, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Thysanoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Chalcididae

42B8E552-7290-508D-9C0E-518CDC0AA2AB

Brachymeria tibialis -group

Steffan, 1958

E7B63F0C-FD5B-55BF-8CF8-A1EBF87D8E4C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: BB4DEADB-F72A-5BD6-B3F9-A220BDF54A02; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Đurđin, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diprionidae, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Diapriidae

560AB927-579F-5FFB-B1EF-55DCA0419D5D

Lyteba sp. 1

0D3ECC8D-E8BC-5E03-8C69-8EF9B3753187

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 10 males, 6 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 7103B83E-8E05-5365-A4AE-3F10EDABCE1D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciaridae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Trichopria sp. 1

C8164C44-8CCE-5DB7-B6A5-04C578B431FD

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 08A7A3D2-D256-5D3E-810C-1369C2BE9D0A; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Drosophilidae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Encyrtidae

C2FA6570-9681-5D2B-8B6C-C57BC71E55C0

Encyrtidae sp. 1

8A2CBCA7-EF2A-5C36-A234-311B4079E483

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: 665B033C-6A98-58E7-84CD-7A1EAB4A40C9; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coccoidea, Acarina

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Encyrtidae sp. 2

C6D3FC59-2E1D-55A0-985E-A45A18D60E94

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: B44CF365-920E-5918-B950-D845517334A2; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Đurđin; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 22-24.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coccoidea, Acarina

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Encyrtidae sp. 3

D2D5ABED-7C7D-5A7A-9EEA-807CE295B9B7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 females; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: 329554B8-9214-5768-AC2A-A1C0CA3E1A72; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-25-19; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coccoidea, Acarina

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Anagyrus sp. 1

450D52AD-5903-5E14-BF96-1248AB749650

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 2 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: EFEB1B0D-9452-5C73-960B-CEF3BB2D0609; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 22-24.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae?

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Copidosoma bakeri

(Howard, 1898)

8F0C61E8-F5DA-5037-9554-A453C596185F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 12 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: A39B9228-A151-5F73-AF4B-1EEB2059E5C4; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Noctuidae (Euxoaauxiliaris)

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eugahania fumipennis

(Ratzeburg, 1852)

884E2226-8879-5265-9E7E-FE90D1344AC7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: EAC5B5D2-1D84-55D3-916E-4B86FBA7F964; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 22-24.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cicadellidae, Macropsisvicina

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Metaphycus flavus

(Ashmead, 1901)

9A7CCDC2-0A45-5FCA-912F-4564EBD50FB7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 762F7BCB-A08B-592F-943A-91081FB581A4; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 07.05.2018, 25.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Coccoidea

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Rhopus sp. 1

7499CE98-E742-57D8-9422-C866C75651ED

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: D3D8E152-A381-585A-BFB5-C1BC53F9DE00; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Đurđin; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 22-24.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eulophidae

532CC2C0-9C50-5832-8852-6B5E336BA9E7

Eulophidae sp. 1

0C614397-2612-5EA2-897A-1DBEF04A7E8A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval/pupal; occurrenceID: F9DCF374-157E-5B65-BD84-865CA67D29F5; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 18.04.2019, 10.05.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eulophidae sp. 2

61EB04C5-08AF-54D2-9BDA-FFAC23A4B5E9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 1 female; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval/pupal; occurrenceID: A14BDA52-22D1-52AB-8ADD-D4687C566B92; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eulophidae sp. 3

D538D351-98B3-53D8-A377-C948EE166CF9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 7 males, 3 females; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval/pupal; occurrenceID: CC0F692C-2F39-5777-B056-9BED5DFA170E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eulophidae sp. 4

156C6425-821F-58F7-882D-D61E2FB2C441

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 33B3070D-A66C-5491-9238-C41CFD109A8F; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 07.05.2018, 12.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eulophidae sp. 5

78048963-88B3-5839-A66A-A005881CC99E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 1 female; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 5B30C53D-6E6B-52CD-B264-53B03B03E44E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-08-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Tetrastichinae sp. 1

DAB1CDB8-169F-502C-B7B2-D248D7FA3348

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 15 males, 9 females; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 25F73A04-63DB-5BCC-8198-6D334C049E02; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects, spiders, mites, nematodes

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Tetrastichinae sp. 2

710A6F0F-DB9B-5CC4-9334-9453C751D18D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 3B402071-358E-5202-9EE0-2FCB10998A76; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects, spiders, mites, nematodes

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Aprostocetus epicharmus

(Walker, 1839)

CED9B0F4-9AC4-58D0-920C-BF9D2352D71D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: DBE900AA-7874-5147-B369-EB8AE571ABD1; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Aphid colony; eventDate: 06-12-19; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Dasineurabrassicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Aprostocetus sp. 1

2D0E62B0-B4C7-5D3D-8C46-39654BB04933

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 16 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 65C1DA0B-F6CE-5521-8C0E-697DB235729C; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Mišićevo, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Aphid colony; eventDate: 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 25.04.2019, 08.05.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Dasineurabrassicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Diaulinopsis arenaria

(Erdös, 1951)

D17DA956-3248-50B1-8207-CBFDE33E5E80

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4 males, 3 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 31245DC2-09E3-5E20-AD85-28106E0475FC; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Liriomyza spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Diglyphus aff. isaea

F2E24039-9B89-50BB-A970-A3AC31BFC566

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 77C33F6A-EF2C-5439-9474-63CAF51843D9; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

leaf miners

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Elasmus platyedrae

Ferrière, 1935

02A077ED-72E3-5735-A273-A01C1D180F73

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 7 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 9EE8B34B-6E58-5C9F-A1CF-CAF99F0BE995; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 17-19.04.2019, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Gelechiidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eulophus sp. 1

E0A023AF-D20E-5B86-AF8C-85834B63CA4E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 8 males, 11 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 67E92477-7F66-5525-8171-B91BF18A0BEC; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 25.04.2019, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cabbage Seed Weevil, Lepidoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Necremnus sp. 1

EA783903-AF01-55F7-AD39-FA7817AE7461

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 52828C98-25D5-5FAD-9603-BBEF1E42BD1D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 17-19.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cabbage Seed Weevil, Lepidoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Omphale clypealis

(Thomson, 1878)

4FA2EF35-A349-5B6C-A1ED-67421432B666

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 57F0A662-3BF1-5D85-B023-CCE77D6685A9; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 24.04.2019, 25.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Dasineurabrassicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Pnigalio sp. 1

C3FF4BAB-7F15-5DE8-8217-E33A5B45F76E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 2 females; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: A73F7362-9DA0-512C-98E2-BA7EF36E0272; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 25.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

leaf miners: Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Tetrastichus sp. 1

55662491-8828-59F9-9B78-31AF4086338F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 9 males, 8 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: E1CEB768-7D5D-5081-B997-CC5BD051F615; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 25.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Eurytomidae

C160D1F1-275D-545B-BD3C-D3018F17B622

Eurytoma sp. 1

1BC5EF0C-8BAB-5E0B-933D-EF2D55BA8980

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4 males, 7 females; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: B8AA6924-7073-5B04-AFFD-EA1EA8F1323A; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 25.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Systole, Bruchophagus, hyperparasitoid on Tetramesa

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Figitidae

A08CD340-38C7-5763-9684-0F688C2833A8

Eucolinae sp. 1

D1324F4B-9F98-5B03-BFFA-51826616FC92

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 8 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 6E9D43A2-09E0-53E1-9353-764D0E4F36C8; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Đurđin, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cyclorraphic dipterous larvae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eucolinae sp. 2

3DDF5689-EC71-5532-8001-F579D4530422

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males, 3 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: D2EAF200-7A66-5FD2-B360-62432C85BE8A; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cyclorraphic dipterous larvae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Alloxysta sp. 1

2E38F9FC-FE65-5154-9362-077D8556A179

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: E59C956B-93C4-59D4-99D5-D8A84FE5ACD3; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Aphid colony; eventDate: 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Aphidiinae, Aphelininae, Encyrtidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Rhoptomeris sp. 1

29DAE811-7EFA-50B5-BF43-B1EA450AC3AD

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: A8E2E3BE-ED68-5E53-A541-274CD00A5354; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Chloropidae, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Ichneumonidae

777FC486-109B-5DAD-818B-C696B3475240

Ichneumonidae sp. 1

99F78A74-6D39-5CA2-BF75-ACDFBFDCC862

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: C67F9BF1-DD57-5167-ACC8-733B38E5777D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-07-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Phaeogenini sp. 1

5C7B2E73-B110-5D6C-8009-6DA57DA8FA75

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 064DA64F-7F98-5937-982C-A00C74CC4561; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-25-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Plutellaxylostella

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Phygadeuontinae sp. 1

7BF927D2-E157-5079-8524-F42DDD2B78EE

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 females; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: B2778AA4-64F4-5F69-8FA4-DAD9C5EA9408; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Đurđin; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 22-24.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Holometabolous insects

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Phygadeuontini sp. 1

EA1D2B2F-51D1-52D5-9A43-62D90EAABCFE

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 28B6A6C4-A371-5989-9208-88674A1797FE; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-10-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Symphyta

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Aneuclis incidens

(Thomson, 1889)

23EDEEBC-382B-562D-9565-A558FEFDB9E0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 2 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 183E1573-8527-5A4C-AD8B-C6D6D4B465BB; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 10.05.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Meligethesaeneus

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Aptesis flagitator

(Rossi, 1794)

FD4BB7BE-70D6-58FC-92EE-41274B2B174F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: C2101708-61BC-55AA-8D4F-478F8D7DDA85; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-08-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Agonopterixheracliana, Athaliaspinarum

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Bathyplectes curculionis

(Thomson, 1887)

4F1CE16B-D879-5CC4-8042-686F50218AA2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: AC0A6F81-CAE3-5C1C-BD6E-45A10A1B37D1; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-27-18; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Apionpisi, Hypera spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Collyria coxator

(Villers, 1789)

A9BA8543-3302-53B2-AE02-3C174BBBE02B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 7 males, 14 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: CC1A9ECA-A7E3-52A2-9004-232735782E0D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Đurđin, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019, 08.05.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cephuscinctus, Cephuspygmeus

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Diadegma insulare

(Cresson, 1865)

910A5972-D254-5F43-9031-F5B14AC28AE5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: CD57A189-7AE6-5C7A-B431-CBA52EAE2F73; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 06-12-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Plutellaxylostella

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Diplazon laetatorius

(Fabricius, 1781)

CE3BC717-5DB5-58C7-9850-022E67B19252

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: 7FC941A6-E807-5486-B88F-9347CAAC84C4; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Aphid colony; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 12.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Diptera, Syrphidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Dusona pugillator

(Linnaeus, 1758)

EBF44B84-4AED-56B2-8551-929EEEE60960

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: D3D73282-6F08-588D-B352-81F81E9CF17F; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 22-24.04.2019, 10.05.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Diphyus ochromelas

(Gmelin, 1790)

25ABD348-935F-5393-BC08-1115F9438AC2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: AD397A1A-B727-5C1F-BC52-DF4C511895AB; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-08-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Mesochorus sp. 1

B29F49CB-7420-54C8-9A34-1C785FF25A2A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 747E1AF2-EA36-5BE5-B065-72D08031D9F9; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-10-18; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cotesia spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Olesicampe sp. 1

66557875-969D-5A59-9D50-8AF7F5202DB1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: 6489C6DD-884E-5CE6-9C8E-D4FA7EF45758; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Tenthredinidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Stibeutes curvispina

(Thomson, 1884)

5724EBBE-575F-5BBA-997F-BCE10209FAFB

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males, 2 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 12C812FB-44D7-54FE-A5BC-CFEA81EDF1E1; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Đurđin, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchuspallidactylus

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Syrphophilus bizonarius

(Gravenhorst, 1829)

5F8C2C76-A644-5936-9DB3-C6DA3C2D5D4F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: C55EB950-248B-5402-B80F-E6B92AD77282; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-10-19; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Atherigonasoccata, Deliaradicum, Episyrphusbalteatus, Eupeodescorollae, Eupeodesluniger, Emexspinosa, Loxostegesticticalis, Neocnemodonvitripennis, Sphaerophoriascripta

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Tersilochus heterocerus

(Thomson, 1889)

56FF8753-928A-554F-A418-69B82B37A8E5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 11 males, 7 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: FD6E7063-B95F-58FC-B7FB-D0FF05686E8E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 27.04.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Meligethesaeneus

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Thrybius praedator

(Rossi, 1792)

6309EFB6-54E8-58D4-AA03-A111D92186BB

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: E1618D03-CD78-5960-811F-FF74A0DC5B74; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-04-18; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Achnaraspargani, Chilophragmitellus, Obereaeuphorbiae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Megaspilidae

969903C5-CC72-5D2E-A782-1471AD9025E3

Conostigmus rufescens

Kieffer, 1907

9E52FC2D-F8C0-5458-87C3-0BAEE1387106

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: FEF6BD20-000B-5AB3-A033-AB1C56E92AE1; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-07-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Dasineurabrassicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Lagynodes pallidus

(Boheman 1832)

0AB68793-260B-5E68-BBCE-374FBA6C22C5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 9 males, 6 females; behavior: secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 6CEF44D2-BB26-55B3-8C3B-AAF783C929E2; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cotesia spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Mymaridae

E375A5D5-05AF-5A37-8338-357E53213C9D

Mymaridae sp. 1

F2636BD1-1E15-505E-ADC3-5C1FF3C83527

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 84DD4EAA-01BE-5B28-8A93-77EBB1BF35DF; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Auchenorrhynchous, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Psocoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Anagrus sp. 1

6E59C0C8-8442-505A-89BE-AFA5E101A8D1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 0DAC860B-40C2-503B-BBBE-2E2E7A426D30; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Đurđin, Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 20-22.04.2019, 24.04.2019, 25.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cicadellidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Anagrus sp. 2

7062DAF5-189A-515F-A393-73548617C29C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 97C28639-6481-501E-A8A1-08EE18C9F29A; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cicadellidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Anagrus sp. 3

DD803332-9873-5D88-85D7-21AD7FD579B8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 2C0C5CF7-B1AD-502E-9B1F-61E21AE752D3; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 25.04.2019, 12.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Cicadellidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Anaphes sp. 1

6D2C5578-0942-5F7C-A776-9C43483C2F5C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 27 males, 6 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 9047154B-F856-51C1-AB08-FEB894164FCC; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Đurđin, Mišićevo, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019, 25.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae, Hemiptera, Miridae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Gonatocerus sp. 1

85DC4C9E-1335-5A6C-A74B-BB8BDB92BACA

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: B9F3DFBB-3D89-5BF3-BA8E-F5A92F59E93C; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-08-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Cicadellidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Litus cynipseus

Haliday, 1833

02F9733A-3ED4-5D97-BDDF-AC501CAB0BC9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 5F95AF60-AC55-546E-A606-10F10185B721; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Coleoptera, Staphylinidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Lymaenon sp. 1

A5D24E73-33DF-5FC9-AFCF-DE3E681C477B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 7E2F864C-48F5-5C7F-B559-119DB45F5F9E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-04-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Cicadellidae, Membracoidea

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Ooctonus sp. 1

1DB5FBA3-A8C7-50C4-AC43-45BAA94CAC4B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 2 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: C1AD470E-FA4D-563F-AAAD-C752EA57D667; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cercopoidea, Cicadellidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Ooctonus vulgatus

Haliday, 1833

69FAC725-8D44-549B-81D6-05D999DD6F77

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 3411EABA-B0DF-5C42-AF8D-86EE173E223D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Philaenusleucophthalmus, Philaenusspumarius

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Polynema sp. 1

57B97676-90DF-5093-8081-45E05F0EE168

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: DF42C77F-441F-58DF-8209-E0D66D088FA6; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Cicadellidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Perilampidae

89743F7E-6233-5F64-A49E-07684A9F2CEB

Perilampidae sp. 1

72C57D01-6D88-562D-9A9B-93EE5545232C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids; occurrenceID: 7DAD5AEB-28D5-587B-949F-16730565D0F7; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 06-13-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Chrysolampus thenae

(Walker, 1848)

02CF2E96-2861-53D6-B35B-AEDAD924EB63

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 17 males, 12 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: F85D3D08-C1FE-52C7-B833-46B497D6904E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Meligethespedicularis

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Perilampus aeneus

(Rossius, 1790)

CFFEA244-A636-5FB0-9846-47DF315477E1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: BA6E5516-6F02-56B5-95EB-05FCDCE6A515; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 06-13-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Athaliarosae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Pirenidae

CBBD1B46-56F3-5D93-9B2E-BE10D5E2B042

Macroglenes sp. 1

E97B45BB-97D3-5DD4-A340-97F1222AB120

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: 64D88E4B-98DF-505A-8F73-991A3307575B; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Cecidomyiidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Platygastridae

5FB6009C-8811-53CE-9E31-AB882DA162D8

Euxestonotus error

(Fitch, 1861)

B20446F5-402D-5FAD-BE92-A82BCBFE2616

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: D2051C6B-CCEF-5BD6-951B-4A4919461A19; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Oilseed pods, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 12.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Sitodiplosismosellana, Dasineurabrassicae?

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Inostemma boscii

(Jurine, 1807)

D900FD15-BC87-5A49-B46A-CC4A31C04B52

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: 679DEE51-0DD2-51E1-BD76-D94776FDB43E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 07-10.05.2018, 12.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Dasineurabrassicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Platygaster sp. 1

206B3814-EDCB-5C63-9730-7CF6208992D3

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: CE7D884E-5A2C-5411-BEAF-3B9BC5B0E1B2; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-25-19; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cecidomyiidae (Dasineurabrassicae?)

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Platygaster sp. 2

9959099C-4DDD-543A-A305-BC3C43B1AE57

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 5 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 518A0586-0A1A-59F0-8C02-16CEDB1BED18; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Đurđin, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 07.05.2018, 17-19.04.2019, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cecidomyiidae (Dasineurabrassicae?)

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Platygaster subuliformis

Kieffer, 1926

7AD545D2-100E-597C-9D9A-B676A42ED3E3

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: 4D15DF4D-D4AF-522F-8D92-C9DCC1A223F2; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Dasineurabrassicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Synopeas sp. 1

9AF8645D-366D-5964-BD75-E7835921F0F7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg/larval; occurrenceID: 290E0998-E75F-52A9-9155-ADFAB09FA382; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-25-19; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Cecidomyiidae (Dasineurabrassicae?)

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Telenomus sp. 1

A5109BE9-F490-534D-9F8C-0514E295FDF8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 25 males, 6 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 8A98FE66-1FF3-5068-B91F-7CE2629032F3; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Đurđin, Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019, 25.04.2019, 12.06.2019, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Neuroptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Telenomus sp. 2

DE64E44C-E8BF-595B-BA10-FC73521C8596

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 5 males, 3 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 3FF5D53B-3C0F-5687-8C81-91E1203DE58E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Đurđin, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Neuroptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Telenomus sp. 3

AC63F149-D78D-562D-A0C7-A68D85D9720F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 17 males, 2 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: F2466748-82B0-547A-B168-23D648548A6E; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Đurđin, Mišićevo, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019, 25.04.2019, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Neuroptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Telenomus sp. 4

232ED363-C3CF-5ADE-A9A7-4D331597192B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 15 males, 6 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 85A0CC52-0238-5F96-B65D-D7F0887B1630; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Neuroptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae

DCF73CD2-81E6-5AF2-A409-63B9280897F3

Pteromalidae sp. 1

2BA65EB3-6345-5733-8C78-D5B38E644332

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 3AFD2F76-5B82-5461-9D51-BB9993A1B4AF; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 2

CCBA2AD4-35FF-59CE-9215-88BB63430F18

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 9C1CFA2D-48B0-5510-9CE6-46D7A0C71457; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 3

AE97C196-E294-500D-9857-D2A46699A5E0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 6FF49984-DB97-5383-8383-99B291993177; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 4

78052078-E43E-5CD6-8438-3A3D43B1E0B2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 0179DAD3-C720-5A57-AEAC-723A1C9ADB93; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 5

1E26305B-9E58-54FC-8C37-4525BFDB7832

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 8 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 7B2133A9-66DC-583C-B802-5C239B0A4033; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Đurđin, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 25.04.2019, 08.05.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 6

E21FD9CE-B5C1-5FD3-99FD-F7E84911AF09

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: F3CE52EF-8D40-5F57-8755-722D2E3E1A4C; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04.05.2018, 07.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 7

08F703B6-ECCB-5941-BE60-8A932D403EC4

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 5 males, 2 females; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: D1A62987-9E64-53EE-A8CC-F58803407DFD; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 8

C309E80E-14C7-5765-926C-3B5D006C5B6D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4 males, 2 females; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 7E4CFEEE-8C69-5CBC-B5B5-63E2603EB967; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04.05.2018, 10.05.2018, 24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 9

901DC59D-7165-5236-8587-103B374DAFE5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 1 female; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 3F827E96-D1E1-5159-AB7A-167D27E787FE; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 10

B9AB273B-BFB7-5D9D-994C-C0C257EF33B2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: DE482C0B-356E-597F-9158-22C2E8DA290F; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Aphid colony; eventDate: 05-07-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalidae sp. 11

CB1E0BE0-A69E-5E9C-B1E7-B4856CABC4D0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID: 4FBAA759-55F7-51FB-AA60-7D18FFC729CC; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 17-19.04.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Dibrachys microgastri

(Bouché, 1834)

2FE72C88-6208-53F4-BCE1-153841352AF7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: secondary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: C2BE8652-2DBC-5A8D-9A41-B2A6C789A542; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Cotesia spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Mesopolobus incultus

(Walker, 1834)

5B9FB149-D573-5591-88C5-80C4E5F2E25B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 4FB3965B-1340-5F9B-BB35-111CAE2B6B29; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Mišićevo, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 25.04.2019, 12.06.2019, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Curculionidae, Gymnetron sp., Gymnetronpascuorum, Mecinus sp., Scolytidae, Polygraphuspoligraphus, Agromyzidae, Phytobiahumeralis, Cecidomyiidae, Kaltenbachiolastrobi

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Mesopolobus morys

(Walker, 1848)

EBBA4A47-9D98-5B4F-B52F-2B2A55704D13

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 23 males, 5 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 009636D4-DFBA-522C-90B6-8DBA0B11E1EB; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Đurđin, Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Oilseed pods; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 12.06.2019, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchusassimilis

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Mesopolobus sp. 1

1BA8643B-D63F-5E4D-9398-77405E666AA1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 10 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 33B2176A-BC4D-5619-822B-22D79B58F442; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Mesopolobus sp. 2

B3D5D5D7-2632-5A67-AA56-853908B008E9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 3D0EEB7D-A975-53E6-B51B-B046F124045D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Mesopolobus sp. 3

29E57BE9-A0A4-5E48-88E0-CB9069BF2CF2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: E5605028-C316-573A-90BC-AA00987B6E8D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Pteromalus sp. 1

360D10C5-777C-5089-B40B-8585DB89038A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males, 3 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: 963C73AA-A9C4-5BA1-9EA7-1B189335F65C; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Tenthredinidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalus sp. 2

92438A40-4F66-5470-958C-0C3352496FAF

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: 9F2959EB-40AA-5EBB-8492-CEC29BDA2C93; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-25-19; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Tenthredinidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pteromalus sp. 3

C77860B5-AB7F-5D4B-B70C-62C7E093A125

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: E8377C37-16CC-5F4F-ADF7-46E4C90C4146; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 25.04.2019, 10.05.2019; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Tenthredinidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Trichomalus lucidus

(Walker, 1835)

D852C286-4E23-5791-B6F4-8ED1BF8E0474

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 244 males, 150 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 9E42182F-CD4C-58E3-A006-500646839E1B; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Đurđin, Pačir, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony; eventDate: 27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019, 08.05.2019, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp., Psylliodeschrysocephala

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Trichomalus sp. 1

67C66601-6C76-570B-820F-822CFB257AA2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: C0DFE327-FD39-5199-A973-1F370CF44F89; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Trichomalus sp. 2

C660C84D-F7B1-5E43-8E18-D754311B5D37

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males, 4 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 5B64E486-9913-590C-9EA2-3C7FEAF2EAD7; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Trichomalus sp. 3

BA4E6B00-D0CC-5515-A9E0-FC6C5C8EE19E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 08BC1E84-4526-5A64-A66F-11A613C156A9; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-10-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Trichomalus sp. 4

E4A430BD-999A-5825-A056-6D276181CF62

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 635BACFB-24DC-51D4-B87A-E94BBACEAD18; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 04-07.05.2018; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Ceutorhynchus spp.

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown, possible

Scelionidae

FA2AE6A2-6E96-5C5E-890C-E97948468FE6

Scelionidae sp. 1

417A58D8-59C5-5E45-8BBA-824BDA5465CA

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids; occurrenceID: 155A11AF-C04E-5ACF-B427-5945A80564DA; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-07-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Insects, arachnids

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Eumicrosoma sp. 1

D732E8F6-B707-5DFB-BCFE-6EDC0343A62D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 80F2947C-A65A-5166-98C3-25C427411C13; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 05-07-18; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Lygaeidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Gryon sp. 1

4BC71F2E-ED0E-5050-9569-495A211981CE

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 2 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 8D48E981-9573-5984-A23B-2C7D628D0D7B; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 07.05.2018, 10.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Hemiptera, Coreidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Trimorus sp. 1

621406B7-2E5A-5871-B151-4090CFC86FBF

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male, 1 female; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 02F2A15C-4302-5C1A-908C-8F0612805AEE; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 07.05.2018, 24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Carabidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Trissolcus basalis

(Wollaston, 1858)

BBE95507-033B-5A8F-A5A7-926084F26853

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 14 males, 5 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: F640CCB8-EB59-5547-8493-53E50E3F9240; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok, Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 13.06.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Heteroptera, Nezaraviridula

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Spalangiidae

96903F77-5BC2-59FD-BC92-4E5BAC83E1E8

Spalangia nigra

Latreille, 1805

4AF77AF1-927A-54F0-BEF4-F85255011B74

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3 males; behavior: primary parasitoids, pupal; occurrenceID: E0BC2BE7-A9F1-5930-B13D-8B4980F0D92D; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 07-10.05.2018, 22-24.04.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Diptera puparia

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Systasidae

590B8276-ABED-5358-A3CE-0EC20415F12E

Asaphes vulgaris

Walker, 1834

9E481608-47E1-59AD-AF17-AAB198031E43

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2 males; behavior: secondary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 0354FF52-0A62-5246-8340-A904585A61BD; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 10.05.2018, 25.05.2018; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

aphid parasitoids

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Torymidae

8C08303E-0B4F-584A-9A9E-D4D02820D14F

Podagrion pachymerum

(Walker, 1833)

62351D74-505B-57ED-AB6D-9F45D2408C74

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: D3EA9F47-C288-59B0-8F97-02BF3560AC92; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Mišićevo; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-25-19; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Mantodea, Mantidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Pseudotorymus napi

(Amerling & Kirchner, 1860)

F1AD607D-8833-58B4-92DB-3494E32CF769

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 144 males, 74 females; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: A46E8930-EDC8-58B9-9BBA-D60067B74506; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Čenej, Mišićevo, Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net, Pan traps, Aphid colony, Oilseed pods; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018, 04-07.05.2018, 07-10.05.2018, 25.05.2018, 25.05.2019; habitat: oilseed rape, semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Dasineurabrassicae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: yes

Torymus sp. 1

450E7843-C598-5B21-96EC-06C963CC7E62

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, larval; occurrenceID: 59EE6B5E-7094-559B-BD13-2305E7E082C7; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Pačir; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-25-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Ectoparasitoids of gall-forming insects (Cecidomyiidae, Cynipidae)

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Trichogrammatidae

D1CF8304-F365-530A-8782-70A1C59EC692

Trichogrammatidae sp. 1

6B4C452E-7FE2-55CB-9938-525196BE8E04

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 844E2307-1DB9-578E-9CE2-2A8A79EE2C32; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Bajmok; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 04-24-19; habitat: oilseed rape

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Trichogramma evanescens

Westwood, 1833

4B78B8F0-490E-573B-9C65-6797D4F50EED

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1 male; behavior: primary parasitoids, egg; occurrenceID: 1E041ED8-6884-5503-B24E-7115C06B7382; Location: country: Serbia; locality: Srbobran; Event: samplingProtocol: Pan traps; eventDate: 24-27.04.2018; habitat: semi-natural habitat

Parasite of

Lepidoptera, Chrysomelidae

Notes

oilseed rape pest host: unknown

Analysis

During this two-year study, we found a total of 3135 specimens of primary or secondary parasitoids, of which 2855 were found in oilseed rape fields and 280 in semi-natural habitats. In the 2018 season, we found 2926 individuals, while in 2019, we found only 209 individuals. The temporal dynamics of parasitoid abundance were also different in the two years. The highest abundance was in May in 2018 (2694) and in April in 2019 (107). Most individuals were found when sampling with sweep nets (1715), followed by rearing from aphid colonies (1001), pan traps (404) and collecting oilseed pods (15).

We found 153 different taxa, of which 119 were found in oilseed rape fields and 87 in semi-natural habitats. Not all specimens could be identified to species level, but only to genus or family level. We found a total of 92 different genera, 73 in oilseed rape fields and 59 in semi-natural habitats and 22 families, all of which occurred in oilseed rape and 19 in semi-natural habitats. The species accumulation curve shows that the number of detected species in oilseed rape fields has not reached a plateau (Fig. 2), while extrapolated species richness differed somewhat between different estimators (Chao = 173.2 ± 21.5, Jack1 = 165.4 ± 12.3, Jack2 = 193.2, Bootstrap = 138.1 ± 6.8). The number of singletons and doubletons in oilseed rape fields was 45 and 19, respectively.

Figure 2.

Species accumulation curve for oilseed rape fields. Light blue area represents 95% confidence intervals.

The four most abundant families were Braconidae (1880), Pteromalidae (500), Torymidae (220) and Eulophidae (123) with more than 85% of all specimens captured and the four most numerous genera were Diaeretiella Starý, 1960 (1243), Trichomalus Thomson, 1878 (406), Aphidius Nees, 1818 (389) and Pseudotorymus Masi, 1921 (218) with more than 70%. The number of different taxa found in each family, sorted by number of taxa is shown in Table 3.

Table 3.

The number of parasitoid taxa found in each family in two habitats.

Total		Oilseed rape fields		Semi-natural habitats
Family	No. of taxa	Family	No. of taxa	Family	No. of taxa
Braconidae	29	Braconidae	22	Braconidae	16
Pteromalidae	25	Pteromalidae	20	Eulophidae	11
Ichneumonidae	18	Eulophidae	14	Pteromalidae	11
Eulophidae	17	Ichneumonidae	12	Ichneumonidae	10
Mymaridae	11	Mymaridae	10	Platygastridae	8
Platygastridae	10	Platygastridae	8	Encyrtidae	6
Encyrtidae	8	Scelionidae	5	Mymaridae	6
Ceraphronidae	5	Encyrtidae	4	Ceraphronidae	4
Scelionidae	5	Figitidae	4	Ceidae	2
Figitidae	4	Ceraphronidae	3	Diapriidae	2
Perilampidae	3	Perilampidae	3	Figitidae	2
Torymidae	3	Bethylidae	2	Torymidae	2
Bethylidae	2	Megaspilidae	2	Chalcididae	1
Ceidae	2	Torymidae	2	Eurytomidae	1
Diapriidae	2	Ceidae	1	Megaspilidae	1
Megaspilidae	2	Chalcididae	1	Perilampidae	1
Trichogrammatidae	2	Diapriidae	1	Scelionidae	1
Chalcididae	1	Eurytomidae	1	Spalangiidae	1
Eurytomidae	1	Pirenidae	1	Trichogrammatidae	1
Pirenidae	1	Spalangiidae	1
Spalangiidae	1	Systasidae	1
Systasidae	1	Trichogrammatidae	1

Of all the taxa we found, 119 are described in literature as primary parasitoids and five as hyperparasitoids, with another 29 that can be either primary or secondary parasitoids. Based on the literature examined, in both habitats, we found 31 genera (33 species) described as parasitoids of oilseed rape pests and 54 genera (97 species) parasitising non-pest species. We also identified 10 genera (23 species) as possible parasitoids of oilseed rape pests. These taxa could only be identified to the genus level and belong to genera that have at least one other species of oilseed rape pest parasitoids. In oilseed rape fields, we found 28 genera (29 species) of oilseed rape pest parasitoids, 40 genera (73 species) parasitising non-pest species and eight genera (17 species) of possible oilseed rape pest parasitoids.

Using two criteria for consistency of occurrence, we selected 25 taxa (22 genera) that regularly occur in our oilseed rape fields, of which 13 taxa (11 genera) were not reported as parasitoids of oilseed rape pests, although four taxa are identified as possible parasitoids (Table 4).

Table 4.

List of taxa consistently found in oilseed rape fields.

Taxon	Oilseed rape pest host	No. of specimens	No. of fields
Diaeretiellarapae (McIntosh, 1855)	Myzuspersicae, Brevicorynebrassicae	1197	9
Trichomaluslucidus (Walker, 1835)	Psylliodeschrysocephala, Ceutorhynchuspallidactylus	392	6
Aphidiuservi Haliday, 1834	Myzuspersicae, Brevicorynebrassicae	270	6
Pseudotorymusnapi (Amerling & Kirchner, 1860)	Dasineurabrassicae	217	5
Aphidiusmatricariae Haliday, 1834	Myzuspersicae, Brevicorynebrassicae	112	4
Triaspisthoracica (Curtis, 1860)	unknown	70	4
Eubazussigalphoides (Marshall, 1889)	Brassicogethesaeneus (Fabricius, 1775)	52	5
Mesopolobusmorys (Walker, 1848)	Ceutorhynchusobstrictus	27	6
Praonvolucre (Haliday, 1833)	Myzuspersicae, Brevicorynebrassicae	27	5
Anaphes sp. 1	unknown/possible	24	7
Aphanogmusabdominalis (Thomson, 1858)	Dasineurabrassicae	23	3
Townesilitusbicolor (Wesmael, 1835)	Phyllotretanemorum	20	3
Eulophus sp. 1	unknown/possible	18	6
Collyriacoxator (Villers, 1789)	unknown	18	3
Trissolcusbasalis (Wollaston, 1858)	Nezaraviridula (Linnaeus, 1758)	17	4
Tersilochusheterocerus (Thomson, 1889)	Brassicogethesaeneus	17	4
Aprostocetus sp. 1	unknown/possible	16	7
Telenomus sp. 3	unknown	15	7
Chrysolampusthenae (Walker, 1848)	unknown	15	3
Telenomus sp. 4	unknown	14	5
Telenomus sp. 1	unknown	13	5
Lagynodespallidus (Boheman, 1832)	unknown	12	4
Tetrastichus sp. 1	unknown/possible	12	3
Spalangiopelta sp. 1	unknown	11	5
Apanteles sp. 1	unknown	10	3

Detailed information on locations, collection dates, habitat, sampling methods, host, parasitism type, oilseed rape pest host status and number of specimens for each taxon can be found in Suppl. material 2 and Suppl. material 3 and additional data on host stage and references in Suppl. material 4.

Discussion

Oilseed rape fields are known to harbour a variety of parasitoids, which are natural enemies of oilseed rape pests (Alford 2003, Williams 2010). However, we have found that the diversity of parasitoids found in our oilseed rape fields goes beyond those associated with crop pests. In fact, only slightly less than 25% of the parasitoid taxa identified in oilseed rape fields are linked to crop pest species. This suggests that oilseed rape fields serve multiple functions for parasitoids, including providing host species that are not pests and floral resources that attract parasitoids. Although the aim of this study was not to conduct a detailed analysis of differences between oilseed rape fields and nearby semi-natural habitats, we observed a noticeably higher abundance and diversity of parasitoids in oilseed rape fields compared to nearby semi-natural habitats. The presence of a diverse parasitoid community in fields, including those not typically associated with oilseed rape pests, may contribute to the natural pest control of other crops and promote biodiversity in the surrounding environment. However, it is worth noting that some parasitoid species might also provide disservice to biological control by parasitising on other beneficial insects, like Diplazonlaetatorius that can parasitise hoverfly pupae (Townes 1971), Asaphesvulgaris which is hyperparasitoid of several of the aphid parasitoids (Žikić et al. 2012) and Podagrion species that specialise on praying mantis eggs (Thompson 1958).

There are several taxa that were collected consistently and in greater numbers in our oilseed rape fields, but are not known to parasitise oilseed rape pest species. Triaspisthoracica was the most numerous of them and parasitises species of the genus Bruchus (Chrysomelidae), which are important pests in various types of bean crops, such as peas, lentils and vetches (Yu et al. 2011). In 2018, it was found in four fields, but only in one field in large numbers (65 out of a total of 70 individuals). Although this cannot be verified, it is possible that this particular field had a high understorey of some Fabaceae species that provided resources for the Bruchus population and consequently for T.thoracica. Similarly, Trissolcusbasalis is an egg parasitoid of invasive pentatomid species, such as Nezaraviridula and Halyomorphahalys (Stål, 1855), which are pests in many legumes, fruits and vegetables (Powell and Shepard 1982, Schaefer and Panizzi 2000, Zapponi et al. 2021). The sporadic presence of other plant species in the oilseed rape fields, such as wild grasses, may also possibly explain the presence of Collyriacoxator, a specialised parasitoid of the European wheat stem sawfly (Cephuspygmaeus (Linnaeus, 1767)), which is a pest of cereal crops, but also feeds on various grass species. Likewise, Telenomus species parasitise various Heteroptera, but also Lepidoptera, which can be readily found as non-pests in oilseed rape fields. On the other hand, Chrysolampusthenae is known to parasitise Lamiogethespedicularis (Gyllenhal, 1808) which are found on Lamiaceae plants (Noyes 2019). It is possible that this parasitoid also attacks other species from the subfamily Meligethinae, such as B.aeneus or that host plants were present in the undergrowth. Given the significant presence of these parasitoids not associated with pest species, it would be valuable for future studies to note the previous season's crop as this may help explain the presence of volunteer plants and associated pests and parasitoids.

There are also some parasitoid species that are widely distributed in oilseed rape throughout Europe, but are absent or present only in small numbers in our study. According to Nilsson (2003), the most important pollen beetle parasitoid species are Phradisinterstitialis (Thomson, 1889), P.morionellus (Holmgren, 1860) and Tersilochusheterocerus, with Diospiluscapito, Blacusnigricornis and Brachyserphusparvulus (Nees, 1834) also being quite common. Only T.heterocerus was found in our study in noteworthy numbers to be considered as an important biological control agent. Two other species were found in very low numbers, D.capito only in semi-natural habitats and B.nigricornis in both habitats, while other species were not found. Interestingly, the most abundant pollen beetle parasitoid in our study was Eubazussigalphoides, previously reported only from France and Poland (Nilsson 2003, Ulber et al. 2010). Likewise, for the cabbage seed weevil (C.obstrictus), only one species (Mesopolobusmorys) of the three most common larval ectoparasitoids (Stenomalinagracilis (Walker, 1834), Trichomalusperfectus (Walker, 1835)) was detected in our study. We also found the two most common parasitoids of the brassica pod midge in Europe, Platygastersubuliformis and Omphaleclypealis, but both in low abundance, while the dominant species in our study were Pseudotorymusnapi and Aphanogmusabdominalis. The second most abundant parasitoid in our study was the pteromalid Trichomaluslucidus, which parasitises the cabbage stem flea beetle (P.chrysocephala) and the cabbage stem weevil (C.pallidactylus). This species is one of eight recorded parasitoids of the cabbage stem flea beetle and of several parasitoids of the cabbage stem weevil (Ulber 2003). Other parasitoid species of these two pests were either not observed or observed in very low numbers. Todorov et al. (2022) recently presented a checklist of the pteromalid fauna in Bulgarian oilseed rape fields and recorded 26 taxa, but, interestingly, did not find any Trichomalus species. Parasitoids of the cabbage flea beetle (P.nemorum) are represented only by Townesilitusbicolor, while other known species are absent or could not be determined at the species level, but only at the genus level. The most numerous group of parasitoids we found were aphid parasitoids, although their dominance was partly influenced by sampling methods, as about half of the specimens were from aphid rearing. Diaeretiellarapae and Praonvolucre are known parasitoids of both cabbage aphid (B.brassicae) and peach-potato aphid (M.persicae), while Aphiduservi and A.matricariae parasitise M.persicae (Tomanović et al. 2021).

It is unclear why some of the parasitoid species, which are widespread and numerous in various previously studied parts of Europe, do not occur at all or in greater numbers in Serbia. Nilsson (2003), while noting that there are no records from most of the Balkans, states that the parasitoid wasp fauna of this region should largely resemble that of Central Europe and that all Central European species should probably be present here. This is a reasonable expectation since, for example, the three most important pollen beetle parasitoids (P.morionellus, P.interstitialis and T.heterocerus) occur in neighbouring Hungary (all three species) and Bulgaria (T.heterocerus) (van Achterberg and Zwakhals 2023). Furthermore, since the Balkans is a hotspot of biodiversity in Europe, the parasitoid wasp fauna of Serbia can be expected to be richer than that of Central Europe (Griffiths et al. 2004). Petrović (2022) compared the parasitoid wasp fauna of the subfamily Aphidiinae from different European countries and found that only the Czech fauna had greater diversity (about 135 species) than the Serbian fauna (121 species), while other countries, such as Germany (109), the United Kingdom (96) and Norway (26), had fewer species, although the Czech fauna may simply be much better studied. To date, only Todorov et al. (2022) have published a partial list of oilseed parasitoids for one Balkan country, Bulgaria and only for the family Pteromalidae. However, only two species (Mesopolobusincultus and M.morys) are recorded in both Bulgaria and Serbia, with the possible existence of several other taxa of the genera Mesopolobus and Pteromalus that are difficult to identify to species level.

We obtained the most specimens by two sampling methods, sweep-net sampling (about 1700) and rearing from aphid colonies (about 1000). However, it should be noted that sampling with sweep nets and pan traps yielded more diverse samples (106 and 88 taxa, respectively), although there was no way to directly associate the collected specimens with host pests or plants. On the other hand, rearing from oilseed pods or from aphid colonies provided more targeted samples of either seed pod pests (such as D.brassicae and C.obstrictus) or aphid species (B.brassicae and M.persicae). Most of the detected parasitoid families, with meaningfully large number of individuals, tended to be collected with sweep-net sampling, with the exception of Platygastridae and Mymaridae, which tended to occur more in pan traps. Therefore, the choice of sampling method can considerably limit the range of species detected and should be adapted to the research questions. Based on the examination of the species accumulation curve for samples from oilseed rape fields, it is clear that observed species richness obtained through our combined sampling methodology did not reach a plateau and that actual species richness is even higher. This is further corroborated by different species richness estimators which show a range of values, from 138 species as lowest estimate to 193 species as highest. We also found a seemingly large proportion of rare species (singletons and doubletons) in the oilseed rape fields in our study. About 38% were found only with one specimen and about 19% with two individuals. However, Scharff et al. (2003) give an overview of undersampling bias in terrestrial arthropod surveys and argue that, even in the “state of the art” arthropod surveys, about 50–70% of species are known from just one or two individuals.

Conclusions

Our study of the parasitoid community associated with oilseed rape fields revealed great diversity of parasitoid species. Interestingly, the majority of these parasitoids were not known to parasitise oilseed rape pest species, suggesting the existence of alternative hosts or other ecological interactions within oilseed rape fields. Additional factors should be carefully measured, such as the previous season's crop in each field, the presence of volunteer plants and weed species and associated herbivores, to gain a better insight into the various interactions that appear to exist in oilseed rape fields. We also observed notable differences in the occurrence patterns of different parasitoid species in Serbia and other parts of Europe, indicating the need for further studies of the ecological dynamics and host associations of parasitoid species in oilseed rape fields. Understanding the factors affecting the presence, abundance and distribution of parasitoids will contribute to more effective regional and local pest management strategies.

Supplementary Material

Supplementary material 1

Supplements Table 1. List of identification keys used.

Milan Plećaš, Vladimir Žikić, Korana Kocić, Jelisaveta Čkrkić, Anđeljko Petrović, Željko Tomanović

Data type

List of references

File: oo_925066.docx

Supplementary material 2

Supplement Table 2a. Checklist of parasitoids found in oilseed rape fields in Serbia

Milan Plećaš, Vladimir Žikić, Korana Kocić, Jelisaveta Čkrkić, Anđeljko Petrović, Željko Tomanović

Data type

Checklist with additional data

Brief description

Detailed information on locations, collection dates, habitat, sampling methods, parasitism type, oilseed rape pest host status and number of specimens for each taxon.

File: oo_925070.docx

Supplementary material 3

Supplement Table 2b. Checklist of parasitoids found in oilseed rape fields in Serbia in csv format

Milan Plećaš, Vladimir Žikić, Korana Kocić, Jelisaveta Čkrkić, Anđeljko Petrović, Željko Tomanović

Data type

Checklist with additional data

Brief description

Detailed information on locations, collection dates, habitat, sampling methods, parasitism type, oilseed rape pest host status and number of specimens for each taxon provided in cvs format.

File: oo_944793.csv

Supplementary material 4

Supplement Table 3. Checklist of parasitoids found in oilseed rape fields in Serbia with additional host information.

Milan Plećaš, Vladimir Žikić, Korana Kocić, Jelisaveta Čkrkić, Anđeljko Petrović, Željko Tomanović

Data type

Checklist with additional data

Brief description

Detailed information on OSR pest host status, parasitism type, host species and host stage and references.

File: oo_925071.docx