Table 2. Results of participants' responses to the food frequency questionnaire.
| Characteristic | Overall, N=267 | Seborrheic dermatitis | p-value | |
| No, n=208 | Yes, n=59 | |||
| Red meat | 0.067 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 118 (44.2%) | 95 (45.7%) | 23 (39.0%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 144 (53.9%) | 111 (53.4%) | 33 (55.9%) | |
| Once daily | 4 (1.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 3 (5.1%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Chicken (piece) | 0.343 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 25 (9.4%) | 19 (9.1%) | 6 (10.2%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 205 (76.8%) | 164 (78.8%) | 41 (69.5%) | |
| Once daily | 21 (7.9%) | 14 (6.7%) | 7 (11.9%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 16 (6.0%) | 11 (5.3%) | 5 (8.5%) | |
| Seafood | 0.107 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 154 (57.7%) | 114 (54.8%) | 40 (67.8%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 104 (39.0%) | 88 (42.3%) | 16 (27.1%) | |
| Once daily | 6 (2.2%) | 4 (1.9%) | 2 (3.4%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 3 (1.1%) | 2 (1.0%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
| Processed meats | 0.652 | |||
| ≤ three times per month | 231 (86.5%) | 181 (87.0%) | 50 (84.7%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 36 (13.5%) | 27 (13.0%) | 9 (15.3%) | |
| White bread (slice) | 0.002 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 75 (28.1%) | 62 (29.8%) | 13 (22.0%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 136 (50.9%) | 113 (54.3%) | 23 (39.0%) | |
| Once daily | 30 (11.2%) | 17 (8.2%) | 13 (22.0%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 26 (9.7%) | 16 (7.7%) | 10 (16.9%) | |
| Brown bread (slice) | 0.252 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 87 (32.6%) | 67 (32.2%) | 20 (33.9%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 137 (51.3%) | 111 (53.4%) | 26 (44.1%) | |
| Once daily | 24 (9.0%) | 15 (7.2%) | 9 (15.3%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 19 (7.1%) | 15 (7.2%) | 4 (6.8%) | |
| Rice or pasta (cup amount) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 40 (15.0%) | 35 (16.8%) | 5 (8.5%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 169 (63.3%) | 143 (68.8%) | 26 (44.1%) | |
| Once daily | 43 (16.1%) | 22 (10.6%) | 21 (35.6%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 15 (5.6%) | 8 (3.8%) | 7 (11.9%) | |
| Dairy products | 0.099 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 43 (16.1%) | 35 (16.8%) | 8 (13.6%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 157 (58.8%) | 128 (61.5%) | 29 (49.2%) | |
| Once daily | 48 (18.0%) | 33 (15.9%) | 15 (25.4%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 19 (7.1%) | 12 (5.8%) | 7 (11.9%) | |
| Dairy products containing beneficial bacteria | 0.230 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 125 (46.8%) | 93 (44.7%) | 32 (54.2%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 120 (44.9%) | 98 (47.1%) | 22 (37.3%) | |
| Once daily | 16 (6.0%) | 11 (5.3%) | 5 (8.5%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 6 (2.2%) | 6 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Citrus fruits | 0.222 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 101 (37.8%) | 76 (36.5%) | 25 (42.4%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 147 (55.1%) | 118 (56.7%) | 29 (49.2%) | |
| Once daily | 13 (4.9%) | 8 (3.8%) | 5 (8.5%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 6 (2.2%) | 6 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Non-acidic fruits | 0.014 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 74 (27.7%) | 58 (27.9%) | 16 (27.1%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 168 (62.9%) | 135 (64.9%) | 33 (55.9%) | |
| Once daily | 16 (6.0%) | 7 (3.4%) | 9 (15.3%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 9 (3.4%) | 8 (3.8%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
| Leafy green vegetables | 0.007 | |||
| ≤2 times per month | 81 (30.3%) | 69 (33.2%) | 12 (20.3%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 161 (60.3%) | 126 (60.6%) | 35 (59.3%) | |
| Once daily | 19 (7.1%) | 10 (4.8%) | 9 (15.3%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 6 (2.2%) | 3 (1.4%) | 3 (5.1%) | |
| Vegetables | 0.001 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 47 (17.6%) | 35 (16.8%) | 12 (20.3%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 180 (67.4%) | 151 (72.6%) | 29 (49.2%) | |
| Once daily | 28 (10.5%) | 15 (7.2%) | 13 (22.0%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 12 (4.5%) | 7 (3.4%) | 5 (8.5%) | |
| Nuts (fried/roasted) | 0.047 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 159 (59.6%) | 127 (61.1%) | 32 (54.2%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 99 (37.1%) | 77 (37.0%) | 22 (37.3%) | |
| Once daily | 8 (3.0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 5 (8.5%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Raw nuts | 0.022 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 150 (56.2%) | 119 (57.2%) | 31 (52.5%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 105 (39.3%) | 84 (40.4%) | 21 (35.6%) | |
| Once daily | 10 (3.7%) | 4 (1.9%) | 6 (10.2%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
| Spicy food | >0.999 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 127 (47.6%) | 99 (47.6%) | 28 (47.5%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 107 (40.1%) | 83 (39.9%) | 24 (40.7%) | |
| Once daily | 20 (7.5%) | 16 (7.7%) | 4 (6.8%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 13 (4.9%) | 10 (4.8%) | 3 (5.1%) | |
| Fried foods (dish) | 0.482 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 112 (41.9%) | 89 (42.8%) | 23 (39.0%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 136 (50.9%) | 105 (50.5%) | 31 (52.5%) | |
| Once daily | 10 (3.7%) | 6 (2.9%) | 4 (6.8%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 9 (3.4%) | 8 (3.8%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
| Coffee (cup) | 0.041 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 36 (13.5%) | 24 (11.5%) | 12 (20.3%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 133 (49.8%) | 113 (54.3%) | 20 (33.9%) | |
| Once daily | 53 (19.9%) | 39 (18.8%) | 14 (23.7%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 45 (16.9%) | 32 (15.4%) | 13 (22.0%) | |
| Tea (cup) | 0.195 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 49 (18.4%) | 36 (17.3%) | 13 (22.0%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 137 (51.3%) | 114 (54.8%) | 23 (39.0%) | |
| Once daily | 41 (15.4%) | 29 (13.9%) | 12 (20.3%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 40 (15.0%) | 29 (13.9%) | 11 (18.6%) | |
| Sweets | 0.347 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 71 (26.6%) | 57 (27.4%) | 14 (23.7%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 153 (57.3%) | 118 (56.7%) | 35 (59.3%) | |
| Once daily | 29 (10.9%) | 20 (9.6%) | 9 (15.3%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 14 (5.2%) | 13 (6.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
| Soft drinks or energy drinks (can) | 0.455 | |||
| ≤3 times per month | 126 (47.2%) | 103 (49.5%) | 23 (39.0%) | |
| 1 to 6 times per week | 115 (43.1%) | 85 (40.9%) | 30 (50.8%) | |
| Once daily | 19 (7.1%) | 14 (6.7%) | 5 (8.5%) | |
| 2 to > 6 times per day | 7 (2.6%) | 6 (2.9%) | 1 (1.7%) | |