Table 1.

Sample Characteristics.

	Sample 1				Sample 2
	n = 389 a				n = 44
	n	%	Mean	SD	n	%	Mean	SD
Age			(n = 376)				(n = 38)
			41.49	11.01			40.58	12.22
Gender	(n = 378)				(n = 44)
Male	196	51.85			23	52.27
Female	178	47.09			21	47.73
Nonbinary/third gender	1	0.26
Prefer to self-describe	1	0.26
Prefer not to say	2	0.53
Race	(n = 378)				(n = 44)
White	322	85.19			30	68.18
Black	37	9.79			12	27.27
American Indian or Alaskan Native	2	0.53			2	4.55
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	1	0.26
More than one race	13	3.44
Unknown or not reported	3	0.79
Ethnicity	(n = 285)				(n = 36)
Hispanic or Latino	9	3.16			1	2.78
Non-Hispanic or Latino	267	93.68			33	91.67
Unknown or not reported	9	3.16			2	5.56
Total combined family income	(n = 324)				(n = 44)
<$25 000	96	29.63			17	38.64
$25 000-$50,000	84	25.93			8	18.18
$50 000-$75,000	40	12.35			4	9.09
$75 000-$100 000	28	8.64			0	0.00
$100 000-$150 000	27	8.33			1	2.27
more than $150 000	15	4.63			2	4.55
Don’t know/not sure	21	6.48			7	15.91
Decline to respond	13	4.01			5	11.36
Highest degree earned	(n = 324)				(n = 44)
High school diploma or equivalence (GED)	145	44.75			26	59.09
Associate degree or vocational degree/license	53	16.36			7	15.91
Bachelor’s degree	70	21.60			3	6.82
Master’s degree	19	5.86			1	2.27
Doctorate, professional (MD, JD, DDS)	6	1.85			1	2.27
Other	31	9.56			6	13.64
Recovery duration
<1 year					20	45.45
>3 years					24	54.55
Diagnosis	(n = 377)				(n = 44)
OUD	253	67.11			44	100.00
SUD	124	32.89
12-step group engagement	(n = 315)
Yes	245	77.80
No	70	22.20
Relapse b	(n = 376)
Yes	79	21.01
No	297	78.99

^aSample size is reduced for some characteristics due to non-response on items.

^bResponse to the question: “Have you had any relapses during your recovery?”