Figure 2.

OrgOCs platform for human organ development in biological study. (A) Human brain organoids-on-a-chip revealed the physical mechanisms and intrinsic cell behavior during brain development. Adapted with permission ¹⁶⁵. Copyright 2019 MDPI. (B) Human colon tumor organoids-on-a-chip system with a representative in vivo-like curved morphology and peristalsis traits. Adapted with permission ¹⁶. Copyright 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. (C) A novel chip with crypts-like microchannels to induce intestinal organoids morphogenesis, including perfusable mini-gut tubes, a near-physiological spatial arrangement of a gut lumen, crypt-like domains and villus-like constructions. This work demonstrates the importance of spatial confinement in organ development. Adapted with permission ¹⁶. Copyright 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. (D) Microfluidic-based 3D carriers assisted in the differentiation and maturity of islet organoids under more physiological microenvironments. Adapted with permission ¹³³. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (E) In OrgOCs reactors, fluid could promote cell proliferation and reduce cell apoptosis in brain organoids. Adapted with permission ¹⁴⁶. Copyright 2021 Springer Nature.