Table 6. Relationship between the level of depression and sociodemographic characteristics of participants (n=438).

  § P-value has been calculated using the chi-square test.

  ** Significant at p<0.05 level.

Factor	Level of depression			P-value §
	Normal N (%) (n=242)	Borderline N (%) (n=109)	Abnormal N (%) (n=87)
Age group in years
≤30 years	114 (47.1%)	73 (67.0%)	62 (71.3%)	<0.001 **
>30 years	128 (52.9%)	36 (33.0%)	25 (28.7%)
Gender
Male	75 (31.0%)	23 (21.1%)	22 (25.3%)	0.140
Female	167 (69.0%)	86 (78.9%)	65 (74.7%)
Educational level
Secondary or below	57 (23.6%)	30 (27.5%)	18 (20.7%)	0.524
Bachelor or higher	185 (76.4%)	79 (72.5%)	69 (79.3%)
Employment status
Employed	63 (26.0%)	28 (25.7%)	20 (23.0%)	<0.001 **
Unemployed/Retired	108 (44.6%)	26 (23.9%)	22 (25.3%)
Student	71 (29.3%)	55 (50.5%)	45 (51.7%)
Monthly income (SAR)
<10,000	131 (54.1%)	66 (60.6%)	53 (60.9%)	0.383
≥10,000	111 (45.9%)	43 (39.4%)	34 (39.1%)
Marital status
Never been married	99 (40.9%)	74 (67.9%)	63 (72.4%)	<0.001 **
Been married	143 (59.1%)	35 (32.1%)	24 (27.6%)
Previous diagnosis of mental disorder
Yes	17 (07.0%)	23 (21.1%)	18 (20.7%)	<0.001 **
No	225 (93.0%)	86 (78.9%)	69 (79.3%)